上海市13-15岁青少年（初中）课外体力活动的强度特征及影响因素

发布时间：2019-02-22 07:36

【摘要】：本研究目的在于,通过调查上海市13-15岁青少年课外体力活动的强度特征,进一步探究真正影响青少年课外体力活动的因素,为当前课外体育的改革提供理论与数据支撑,提高青少年的体质健康水平,促进其身心健康全面发展。本研究使用ActiGraph GT3X+加速度计对上海市13-15岁青少年(初中)的课外体力活动的强度特征进行调查,共收集有效样本488个,结果显示:研究对象平均每日共计进行118.7分钟的课外体力活动,其中84.0分钟的低强度课外体力活动,占课外体力活动总时间的70.8%;16.2分钟的中强度课外体力活动,占课外体力活动总时间的13.6%;18.5分钟高强度课外体力活动,占课外体力活动总时间的15.6%;合计34.7分钟的中高强度课外体力活动,占课外体力活动总时间的29.2%。进一步探究青少年个体因素(性别、年级、BMI等)与课外体力活动强度的关系,结果显示:不同性别、年级之间,男生的课外体力活动情况整体好于女生,男生的各强度课外体力活动时间均高于女生,男女生低、高、中高课外体力活动时间均呈显著性差异(P0.05);不同年级的各强度课外体力活动均出现不同程度的随年级的增长而下降的趋势。上学日的各强度课外体力活动时间均远高于周末,上学日的高强度课外体力活动时间更是周末的1.53倍,各强度课外体力活动的上学日与周末均存在显著性差异。无体育课上学日的各强度课外体力活动时间略高于体育课日,但两者之间并没有显著性差异(P0.05)。超重的青少年各强度的课外活动时间均是最高,肥胖的青少年课外体力活动中、高、中高强度课外体力活动均最低,欲探究青少年肥胖与体力活动的关联性仍需扩大样本量进行更深入的研究。基于以上结果,使用问卷调查法调查影响青少年将众多课外体力活动影响因素,将各因素使用因子分析将其归纳为:学校组织指导及设施、主观意识与组织形式、家庭支持与消费、环境与技能影响4方面。其中,青少年课外低强度体力活动受家庭支持与消费、环境与技能影响,且家庭支持与消费影响作用大于环境与技能;课外中强度体力活动受环境与技能影响;课外高强度体力活动受环境与技能、主观意识与组织形式、家庭支持与消费影响,其中环境与技能影响作用最大,其次主观意识与组织形式,再次是家庭支持与消费;课外中高强度体力活动受环境与技能、主观意识与组织形式影响,环境与技能因子的影响作用大于主观意识与组织形式。
[Abstract]:The purpose of this study is to investigate the intensity characteristics of extracurricular physical activities among 13-15 year olds in Shanghai, to further explore the factors that really affect the extracurricular physical activities of young people, and to provide theoretical and data support for the current reform of extracurricular sports. To improve the physical health of young people and promote their physical and mental health in an all-round way. In this study, ActiGraph GT3X accelerometer was used to investigate the intensity characteristics of extracurricular physical activity among 13-15 year olds (junior middle school) in Shanghai, and 488 effective samples were collected. The results showed that the average daily physical activity was 118.7 minutes, including 84.0 minutes of low intensity physical activity, which accounted for 70.8 minutes of the total extracurricular physical activity. 16.2 minutes of medium intensity extracurricular physical activities, accounted for 13.6minutes of the total extracurricular physical activities and 18.5 minutes of high-intensity extracurricular physical activities, accounted for 15.6of the total extracurricular physical activities; A total of 34.7 minutes of moderate and high intensity extracurricular physical activity, accounting for 29.2% of the total extracurricular physical activity. The relationship between adolescent individual factors (sex, grade, BMI, etc.) and the intensity of extracurricular physical activity was further explored. The results showed that boys had better extracurricular physical activity than girls. The intensity of physical activity time of boys was higher than that of girls, male and female students were low, high, and high extracurricular physical activity time were significantly different (P0.05); The intensity of extracurricular physical activity in different grades decreased with the increase of grade. The physical activity time of each intensity extracurricular activity on school day was much longer than that on weekend, and the time of high intensity extracurricular physical activity on school day was 1.53 times more than that on weekend, and there was significant difference between school day and weekend in each intensity extracurricular physical activity. The physical activity time of each intensity of physical education school day was slightly higher than that of physical education day, but there was no significant difference between them (P0.05). The duration of extracurricular activities of overweight teenagers was the highest, while that of obese teenagers was the lowest, that of high, medium and high intensity extracurricular physical activities. To explore the relationship between adolescent obesity and physical activity, we still need to expand the sample size for more in-depth study. Based on the above results, a questionnaire survey was used to investigate the influence factors of extracurricular physical activity among teenagers, and the factors were summed up by factor analysis: school organization guidance and facilities, subjective consciousness and organizational form. Family support and consumption, environment and skills impact 4 aspects. Among them, the low intensity physical activity after class is influenced by family support and consumption, environment and skill, and family support and consumption is more important than environment and skill, extracurricular medium intensity physical activity is influenced by environment and skill. Extracurricular high-intensity physical activity is influenced by environment and skill, subjective consciousness and organizational form, family support and consumption, environment and skill have the most effect, subjective consciousness and organization form, and family support and consumption again. Extracurricular high intensity physical activity is influenced by environment and skills, subjective consciousness and organizational form, and the influence of environment and skill factors is greater than subjective consciousness and organizational form.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49

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