陕西省跆拳道队同级别不同水平运动员前横踢技术主要用力肌群sEMG分析

发布时间：2019-03-01 11:40

【摘要】：前横踢技术是横踢技术中的一种,跆拳道比赛中也会常用到的技术,较容易得分,出击前不容易被发现,幅度小、启动时间快,是跆拳道比赛中的得分手段之一。运动员在比赛时必须熟练掌握前横踢技术动作要领,才能在比赛中灵活运用,把握更多有利机会,赢得比赛。主要采用遥感肌电的方法,测试6名跆拳道运动员的前横踢技术各阶段的主要用力肌群。通过所测数据找出各个技术阶段用力肌肉的放电顺序的开始时间、结束时间、持续时间和肌肉的均方根振幅值、贡献率。从中更直观的看出每一名运动员的前横踢动作的肌肉放电情况,为跆拳道前横踢技术训练提供理论参考。通过对所测数据的分析,得出以下结论:(1)垫步提膝阶段:从以上数据可知最先开始放电的是陈家宝的胫骨前肌0.001s、王印的腓肠肌后段0.001s。最晚放电的是杨文成的股直肌0.164s、王志鹏的股直肌0.199s。从图3平均值、标准差来看一级运动员的股直肌比二级运动员的股直肌放电早。持续时间各运动员各肌肉之间存在一定的差异。通过各肌肉活动的均方根振幅(RMS)分析在这一阶段肌肉活动强弱及放电水平比较弱。肌肉的放电顺序比较絮乱没规律。(2)转髋弹腿阶段:在这一阶段主要是短的时间内快速鞭打,伸直小腿速度越快越好,股直肌、股内侧肌在这一阶段都是主动肌群,所以它最先开始放电,其次是股二头肌收缩放电因为运动员当膝关节伸到一定程度时,这块肌肉会起到一个牵拉、固定、控制的作用。运动员伸直小腿时会绷直脚尖形成一个刚体所以腓肠肌后段开始放电也早,当转髋时动作也会有个制动点臀大肌也开始放电。一级运动员在这一阶段肌肉放电顺序合理比较有规律,没有浪费力,二级运动员在这一阶段发力絮乱,制动差、击打效果不好。二级运动员的肌肉放电结束时间较晚,说明二级运动员发力能力制动性差。(3)从数据中我们分析得出由于每名运动员的技术特点及每块肌肉开始发力时间和结束的时间不同,因此在转髋弹腿阶段持续时间的长短也略有不同。由表10看出一级运动员的各肌肉发力顺序很规律,由此可以得出在这一阶段运动员的主要肌群主动肌是股直肌和腓肠肌后段。主动肌收缩完成工作以后,股二头肌收缩对运动员动作进行制动和能量传递起到非常重要的作用,胫骨前肌在这一阶段也非常重要影响踝关节是否绷直,对与是否能够有效击打目标也起到重要作用。臀大肌的放电水平也影响着髋关节的制动。(4)收腿落地还原阶段:从这一阶段整体上看,6名运动员的开始放电时间相对稳定。6名运动员结束放电时间相对稳定,波动差异不大。另外从6名运动员的各肌肉放电持续时间来看,每个运动员的肌肉持续时间各有长短。从各肌肉的平均均方根值看有些肌肉放电活动比较弱。
[Abstract]:Forward and cross kick technique is one of the techniques of cross kick, which can also be used in taekwondo competition. It is easy to score, not easy to be found before the attack, small amplitude, quick start-up time, is one of the scoring means in taekwondo competition. In the competition, athletes must master the skill of front and cross kick skillfully, in order to use it flexibly, grasp more favorable opportunities and win the match. By means of remote sensing electromyography (EMG), six taekwondo athletes were tested for the main force muscle groups in each stage of kickboxing technique. According to the measured data, the starting time, ending time, duration, RMS amplitude and contribution rate of the discharge sequence of the forced muscles in each technical stage were found out. It is more intuitive to see the muscle discharge of each athlete's front and cross kick, which provides a theoretical reference for the training of taekwondo front and cross kick technique. Based on the analysis of the measured data, the following conclusions are drawn: (1) step-by-step knee lifting stage: from the above data, it can be seen that the first discharge of Chen heirloom's tibial anterior muscle is 0.001s, and that of Wang Yin's posterior gastrocnemius muscle is 0.001s. The last discharge was Yang Wencheng's rectus femoris muscle 0.164s and Wang Zhipeng's rectus femoris muscle 0.199s. According to the average value and standard deviation of figure 3, the discharge of rectus femoris muscle of first-class athletes is earlier than that of second-class athletes. The duration of each athlete has a certain difference among the muscles. The root mean square amplitude (RMS) analysis of each muscle activity showed that the muscle activity was weak and the discharge level was weak at this stage. The discharge sequence of the muscles is more chaotic and irregular. (2) the rotation of the hip and the leg stage: in this stage is mainly in a short period of time, the faster the speed of straightening the leg, the faster the better, the rectus femoris, the medial femoral muscles are active muscle group at this stage. So it begins to discharge, then the contraction of the biceps femoris because when the knee extends to a certain extent, the muscle plays a role of pulling, fixing, and controlling. Athletes straighten their legs to form a rigid body, so the posterior part of the gastrocnemius muscle starts to discharge early, and when the hip rotates, there is also a brake point, the gluteus major muscle also starts to discharge. In this stage, the sequence of muscle discharge of the first-class athletes is reasonable and regular, and there is no waste and effort. The second-class athletes in this stage have the advantages of disorderly force, poor braking and poor impact effect. The end of the muscle discharge in the second class athletes was later, (3) from the data, we can conclude that due to the technical characteristics of each athlete and the difference in the starting time and ending time of each muscle, As a result, the duration of the rotation of the hip and elastic leg is slightly different. From Table 10, we can see that the order of muscle strength of first-class athletes is very regular, so it can be concluded that the main muscle group active muscles of athletes at this stage are rectus femoris and gastrocnemius. After the completion of the active muscle contraction, the biceps femoris contraction plays a very important role in the braking and energy transfer of the athletes' movements, and the tibialis anterior muscle also plays an important role in the ankles straightening at this stage. It also plays an important role in whether or not you can hit the target effectively. The discharge level of gluteus major muscle also affects the braking of hip joint. (4) in the stage of falling to the ground, the starting discharge time of 6 athletes is relatively stable, and the discharge time of 6 athletes is relatively stable at the end of the stage. There is little difference in fluctuation. In addition, according to the duration of each muscle discharge of 6 athletes, the duration of each athlete's muscle has its own length. From the mean root mean square value of each muscle, some muscle discharge activity was weak.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.9

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