速度轮滑向竞速滑冰的运动技能迁移研究

发布时间：2019-03-10 21:17

【摘要】：在吉隆坡举行的国际奥委会全会中,我国成功获得2022年冬奥会主办权,从此冰上运动掀开了发展的新篇章。为了将京张冬奥会办成一届精彩、非凡、卓越的奥运盛会,在习总书记提出的“三亿人上冰雪”的号召下,我国开始大力推动冰雪运动的发展,“北冰南展”战略再次提升了高度,“轮转冰”计划应运而生。在蓬勃发展的速度轮滑运动中将有大量的优秀运动员有望转项竞速滑冰,这将极大的缓解竞速滑冰后备人才短缺的困难,从而解决冰上运动项目受地域局限的困境。从滑轮转到冰刀,无论是器材、场地、规则,还是对体能的要求以及训练方法与手段等方面都有所改变,怎样才能实现竞技能力的无缝对接?本研究是通过文献资料、对比分析、专家访谈及实验测试等多种方法,对速度轮滑转项竞速滑冰的技能迁移进行研究。主要从速度轮滑和竞速滑冰项目特征、竞技能力、训练特征等方面进行相似性分析,结合国内外成功案例,找出项目间的相同与差异,通过对比分析得出结论:速度轮滑和竞速滑冰在供能和肌肉力学特征方面相似性极高;在比赛类型和竞赛规则方面共通之处较多;对竞技能力的要求基本相同;在体能、心理、智能及战术方面极具相似性;速度轮滑和竞速滑冰的训练周期和训练方法基本相同,在以上方面可以产生技能的正迁移。但在技能方面仍存在差异性,主要体现在下肢各弯曲角度、躯干与水平面的角度、蹬地(冰)角、摆臂幅度与方法、弯道身体倾斜角度等方面,因此技术细节上存在较大差异,在转项后的训练中应加以重视,否则容易产生负迁移。研究认为,速度轮滑运动员在转项竞速滑冰时,运动技能的迁移效果将直接影响到新技能的学习,对转型的成功与否起到至关重要的作用。运动技能迁移能产生正面影响,也可能出现负迁移现象,可以说是一把双刃剑,应正视它的两面性。所以,应从科学角度研究技能迁移规律,把握规律,增加正迁移的作用,有效避免负迁移的发生。希望通过本研究,能够为广大体育教师和教练员们在教学和训练当中提供一些帮助。
[Abstract]:At the International Olympic Committee plenum held in Kuala Lumpur, China successfully won the right to host the 2022 Winter Olympic Games, which opened a new chapter in the development of ice sports. In order to host the Beijing-Zhang Winter Olympic Games into a wonderful, extraordinary, and outstanding Olympic Games, under the call of General Secretary Xi Jinping that "300 million people go to snow and ice," China began to vigorously promote the development of ice and snow sports. The "North Ice southward Exhibition" strategy once again raised the height, "rotation ice" plan came into being. In the booming speed roller skating, there will be a large number of elite athletes who are expected to skate in turn, which will greatly alleviate the difficulty of the shortage of reserve talents for speed skating, and thus solve the dilemma of the regional limitation of ice skating events. From the pulley to the skate, whether it is equipment, venue, rules, or physical fitness requirements and training methods and means have changed, how can we achieve seamless docking of competitive ability? In this study, the skills transfer of speed roller skating was studied by means of literature, comparative analysis, expert interviews and experimental tests. Mainly from the speed roller skating and racing skating event characteristics, competitive ability, training characteristics and other aspects of similarity analysis, combined with domestic and foreign successful cases, to find out the same and difference between the projects. Through comparison and analysis, it is concluded that speed roller skating and racing skating are very similar in energy supply and muscle mechanics. There are many similarities in the types and rules of competition, the requirements of competitive ability are basically the same, there is great similarity in physical, psychological, intelligent and tactical aspects, and there are many similarities in physical, psychological, intelligent and tactical aspects. The training cycle and training method of speed roller skating and racing skating are basically the same, and the positive transfer of skills can be produced in these aspects. However, there are still differences in skills, mainly reflected in the bending angle of lower limbs, the angle of torso and horizontal plane, the angle of pedaling (ice), the amplitude and method of swing arm, the angle of tilt of curved body, and so on, so there are great differences in technical details. Attention should be paid to the training after transposition, otherwise negative migration is easy to occur. The results show that the transfer effect of sports skills will directly affect the learning of new skills and play an important role in the success of the transition. Sports skills transfer can have a positive effect, and may also appear negative transfer phenomenon, can be said to be a double-edged sword, it should be faced with its two sides. Therefore, we should study the rule of skill transfer from a scientific point of view, grasp the law, increase the role of positive transfer, and effectively avoid the occurrence of negative transfer. It is hoped that this study can provide some help for PE teachers and coaches in teaching and training.
【学位授予单位】：成都体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G862.8

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