西安体育学院网球专项学生体能特征的调查研究

发布时间：2019-03-12 11:28

【摘要】：目的:通过对西安体育学院体育教育系网球专项学生进行体能测试和网球比赛,了解西安体育学院目前的网球专项学生的体能情况。同时为制定或完善西安体育学院网球专项学生体能训练体系,培养优秀的网球运动员提供可借鉴的理论和实践依据。方法:测试法:本研究选择西安体育学院体育教育系网球运动专项的学生(男性)30名作为研究对象,年龄为20~23岁。其中大二至大四网球专修学生各10名分为测试组1,测试组2,测试组3,同年级学生网球技术水平相当,熟悉比赛规则,以及网球各类技术熟练应用。应用捡球折返跑、侧向滑步往返跑、六边形往返双足跳。比赛等方法对各年级网球专项学生的体能特征进行检测,整理数据并进行分析,研究不同年级体育大学生的体能特点及影响体能的因素,同时考察这些体能因素对专项比赛成绩的影响。结果:通过对西安体育学院网球专项学生体能的测试表明,在爆发力、力量耐力、柔韧、有氧耐力方面大二网球专项学生表现较好,在灵敏、短距离加速启停方面大四网球专项学生表现较好,而大三网球专项学生则在两组中间,无特别突出表现。具体来说在灵敏和短距离加速启停上,有捡球折返跑、侧向滑步往返跑及六边形往返双足跳三个项目,在这三个项目中平均用时最少的均是大四学生,与大二大四学生测试成绩相差1s左右。在肌肉力量和耐力方面即1min仰卧起坐和1min俯卧撑测试,成绩最好的均是大二学生,比其他两个年级测试成绩多出5~10个,说明在肌肉力量与耐力方面大二学生远远超于其他两个年级。在爆发力及力量传递测试中,三个年级学生测试前抛球平均值分别为10.25m,10.06m,10.01m相差不大。原地纵跳摸高测试中大二学生平均成绩最高,比其他两个年级多0.1m左右,说明下肢肌肉爆发力较强。坐位体前屈测试的是身体柔韧度。大二学生平均成绩最高,比成绩最差的大三学生多2.82cm,说明大二学生身体柔韧度较好。在3000m有氧耐力测试中大637.2s,其次是测试组2,成绩为648.6s,测试组3平均用时最长,为681s。说明大二学生有氧耐力优于大三、大四学生。结合爆发力测试,说明大二学生在爆发力和耐力方面均表现较为突出。通过比赛统计数据及比赛结果得知,在同年级内网球比赛中,体能测试结果较好的网球专项学生,在比赛时易占据比赛主动权从而获得比赛胜利。结论:(1)随着学习网球时间的增加,网球专项学生短距离启停能力和身体平衡能力逐渐提高,即速度素质和灵敏素质得到提高。但力量、耐力、柔韧素质出现不同程度的下降,特别是耐力素质下降幅度较大。(2)个别大二学生体能较好,但因学习网球时间较短,无法发挥体能优势,比赛时无法占据主动,导致失误较多。大四学生虽技术较好,但耐力较差,若比赛时间较长,不能保持良好的竞技状态。
[Abstract]:Objective: To study the physical performance of the current tennis special students in Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education by carrying out the physical fitness test and the tennis match for the sports education system of the Xi' an Sports College. At the same time, to develop or perfect the physical training system of the tennis special students of Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education, to train the excellent tennis players to provide the theoretical and practical basis for reference. Method: The test method: The study selected 30 students (male) of the sports education system of Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education as the study object, and the age was 20-23 years. Among them,10 of the major two-to-four-year-old tennis students are divided into the test group 1, the test group 2, the test group 3, the same grade student's tennis skill level, familiar with the competition rules, and the various technical skills of the tennis ball. The ball is applied to the ball to be folded back and run, the lateral sliding step is carried out to and fro, and the hexagonal round-trip double-foot jump is carried out. In this paper, the physical characteristics of each grade tennis special student are tested, the data is sorted and analyzed, and the physical and physical performance of different grades of sports college students are studied, and the influence of these physical fitness factors on the performance of the special competition is also studied. Results: Through the test of the physical ability of the tennis special students in Xi 'an Institute of Physical Education, the performance of the two-class tennis special students in the aspects of explosive force, strength endurance, flexibility and aerobic endurance is good, and the four-tennis special students are better in the sensitive and short-distance acceleration and shutdown. In the middle of the two groups, the three special tennis students have no outstanding performance. In particular, on the start and stop of sensitive and short-distance acceleration, there are three projects of ball-picking, back-back, lateral sliding-step and round-trip and hexagonal round-trip double-foot, and the average time in the three projects is the four-year-old student, and the test result of the two-four students is about 1 s. In that aspect of muscle strength and endurance, i. e.,1 minute sit-up and 1 minute push-up test, the best result is two students,5-10 more than the other two grades, and the two students in the muscle strength and endurance are far beyond the other two grades. In the test of explosive force and force transmission, the average ball-throwing average of the three-grade students was 10.25 m, 10.06 m and 10.01 m, respectively. In the in-place vertical-jump-touch high-test, the average score of the two students is the highest, which is about 0.1 m higher than the other two grades, indicating that the muscle of the lower limbs is strong in explosive force. The pre-bending of the sitting body is the body flexibility. The average score of the two students is up to 2.82 cm, which shows that the second-class students have good physical flexibility. In the 3000m aerobic endurance test, 637.2s, followed by test group 2, was 648.6s, and the average time of test group 3 was up to 681s. It is shown that the aerobic endurance of the two students is better than that of the third and the four students. Combined with the explosive force test, the two students show that the students are more prominent in the explosive force and the endurance. According to the competition statistics and the results of the competition, in the tennis match of the same grade, the physical fitness test result is a good tennis special student, which is easy to occupy the initiative of the game during the game, so as to obtain the win of the game. Conclusion: (1) With the increase of the learning tennis time, the short-range start-stop ability and the body balance ability of the special tennis students are gradually improved, that is, the speed quality and the sensitive quality are improved. But the strength, the endurance, the flexible quality have a different degree of decline, especially the endurance quality decline amplitude is large. (2) The individual big two students have better physical ability, but because of the short time of learning the tennis time, the ability to play the physical ability advantage can not be played, and it is not possible to take the initiative in the game, resulting in more errors. 4. Although the technology is good, but the endurance is poor, if the game time is long, it can't maintain good competitive state.
【学位授予单位】：西安体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G804.49

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