跆拳道竞赛规则中场地变化对技战术的影响研究

发布时间：2019-03-26 15:39

【摘要】：为了保护运动员,跆拳道在比赛中对技术的使用做了较多的限制,但这些规则限制也造成了跆拳道比赛观赏性差、技术运用少等问题。为了改善这些为题,近些年来跆拳道的比赛规则进行了大量的修正和调整。跆拳道竞赛规则的变化迫使运动员在技术运用上进行改变,规则中鼓励进攻的思路使运动员运用高命中率技术和进行主动攻击的频率出现明显提高。高科技的运用鼓励运动员使用高难度技术,击中头部得分的难度降低,使运动员对进攻对手头部的意识也不断增强。使用电子护具会让跆拳道运动员前腿动作发生变化,连续踢击的作用增强,组合动作运用的频率更高,防守方面的防御意识和身体的位移意识更为灵活。场地面积减少限制了运动员进攻和防守时间间隔,进攻节奏更为紧迫。通过对2016年里约奥运会24场高水平半决赛和决赛中运动员技战术运用情况进行分析总结,对比旧规则条件下的2012年伦敦奥运会和2015年世界锦标赛中运动员技战术运用情况,探讨在新规则实施条件下、场地变化影响下的运动员竞技水平变化和技战术运用情况。规则的变化对教练员、运动员、裁判员有着不同程度的影响,使裁判员的裁决、教练员的指导和运动员的训练与比赛出现不同程度的变化。本文通过对新、旧规则的变化前后高水平赛事下运动员技战术运用情况进行对比,着重分析新规则对跆拳道日常训练产生的影响,特别是增加了高难度技术和场地规则新变化的技战术运用、评分规则等方面产生的变化。针对规则的变化情况提出有针对性的建议,为中国跆拳道事业的良性发展和跆拳道的技能和战术水平的提高起到一定帮助和贡献作用。经分析得出以下结论:1.新规则中场地由四角改为八角,运动员在整个战局和战况中在边角的时间呈上涨趋势,这说明新规则中场地变化对跆拳道比赛传统技战术打法有着很大的影响。2.场地形状的变化使对抗更加激烈,空间减少使对抗次数增加,这使得跆拳道单一技术的得分率由2012伦敦奥运会接近70%,到2015跆拳道世界锦标赛的51%,再到里约奥运会的43%呈现出持续下降的趋势。由此可以看出运动员在比赛中攻防两端更倾向于连击技术和双飞技术。这样可以更好的压制对手,占据场地优势。3.比赛场地的形状变化,空间的压缩让高位技术更难施展,对比旧场地条件下的比赛,八角场地面积减小,增加了被反击的几率,使用下劈踢的风险有所提高,但对于两次规则修改之前的情况来说,下劈踢的应用已经非常广泛。4.新规则变化使反击战术使用率明显下降,得分率却较以往比赛呈现上升趋势。5.场地的面积与形状变化对技战术的形成和发展的重要影响,对运动员的心理和其他方面,运动员必须充分考虑场地的变化和约束对运动员的竞技能力的高要求。八角形场地的设置带来了激烈的竞争,在不同的区域的形状变化会影响运动员的进攻和防守战术的应用,八角形场地在现场运动员的战术上更为灵活,从而使比赛的节奏更为紧凑。6.新规则,新场地会对运动员的全方面能力都是一个全新的挑战,进攻技术的连续性,攻防两端的转换能力,心理的适应能力以及阅读比赛的能力都需要加强,这就需要运动员有一个系统科学的训练作为支撑。针对以上结论给出如下建议:1.场地的变化对运动员心理是一个重要考验,所以平时训练必须结合自身特点,加强跆拳道的心理训练。跆拳道运动员经过实际心理训练,提高心理素质,增强抵御变化环境的能力,创造良好稳定的运动员态度是积极的。自己的好战术,完美的发挥每一场比赛的战术。2.公平决定裁判是跆拳道的决定因素。跆拳道不仅可以提高跆拳道比赛的激烈竞争和结果的不确定性的升值过程,这是看公众参与更重要,是跆拳道运动存在和发展的直接原因。3.加强了解和学习跆拳道的规则可以促进更好的训练的科学性、合理性。由于比赛场地面积减小,比赛对抗更加激烈,更好的体能水平和体能分配能力应当受到重视,在今后的训练应加强快速力量组合训练,保证训练的效率,并在最短的时间内获得在日常训练的最大优势。4.在战术训练上要推陈出新,注重新技术和新方法的发展。加强运动员训练的主动性,加大高技战术训练的难度和全面性,增强攻防技术能力,以适应国际跆拳道训练新要求的提高。
[Abstract]:In order to protect the athletes, there are more restrictions on the use of technology in the competition, but these rules also have the problems of poor appreciation and less technical application. In order to improve these problems, a number of amendments and adjustments have been made to the rules of the competition in recent years. The change of the rules of the competition rules of the competition forces the athletes to change in the technical application, and the idea of encouraging the attack in the rules has made the athletes use the technique of high hit rate and the frequency of active attack to be obviously improved. The high-tech application encourages the athletes to use the high-difficulty technology, and the difficulty of hitting the head scores is reduced, so that the athletes' consciousness of attacking the head of the opponent is also continuously enhanced. The use of the electronic guard will make the movement of the front leg of the boxing champion change, the effect of the continuous kick is enhanced, the frequency of the combined action is higher, the defensive consciousness and the body's displacement consciousness are more flexible. The decrease of the site area limits the athlete's offensive and defensive time interval, and the attack rhythm is more urgent. Through the analysis and conclusion of the technical and tactical application of the athletes in the 24 high-level semi-final and final of the Olympic Games in 2016, the paper discusses the application of the technology and tactics of the athletes in the 2012 Olympic Games and the 2015 World Championships under the old rules, and discusses the application of the new rules. The change of the athletes' competitive level and the application of the tactics and tactics under the influence of the change of the site. The change of the rules has different influence on the coach, the athletes and the referees, so that the referee's decision, the coach's guidance and the athletes' training and competition have different degrees. In this paper, the influence of the new rules on the daily training of the athletes in the high-level event before and after the change of the new and the old rules is analyzed, especially the technical and tactical application of the new change of the high-difficulty technology and the site rules is added. A change in scoring rules and the like. The aim of this paper is to make some suggestions on the change of the rules, and to help and contribute to the improvement of the cause of the Chinese boxing and the improvement of the skill and the tactical level of the boxing. The following conclusions were obtained by the analysis:1. In that new rule, the space in the new rule is changed from the four corners to the star of the star, the time of the athletes at the corner in the whole game and the situation of the war is up, which indicates that the change of the field in the new rules has a great influence on the traditional technique and tactics of the competition. The change in the shape of the site makes the confrontation more intense and the space is reduced so that the number of confrontations is increased, which makes the scoring of the single technology in the world close to 70 per cent in the 2012 London Olympics and 51 per cent of the 2015 World Championships, and 43 per cent of the Rio Olympics presents a downward trend. As a result, it can be seen that the two ends of the player in the game are more prone to the continuous-attack technique and the double-fly technique. This is a better way to press the opponent and take advantage of the site. the shape of the playing field is changed, the compression of the space makes the high-order technology more difficult to use, compared with the competition under the old field condition, the area of the octagonal site is reduced, the probability of being counterattacked is increased, the risk of using the lower split kick is improved, The application of the lower splitting has been very broad. The change of the new rules makes the use rate of the counterattack obviously drop, and the score is higher than that of the previous game. The area and shape change of the field have an important influence on the formation and development of the technology and tactics, and the athletes' psychological and other aspects, the athletes must take full consideration of the change of the site and the high requirements for the athletes' competitive ability. The setting of the octagonal site brings a fierce competition. The change of shape in different areas will affect the application of the offensive and defensive tactics of the athletes, and the octagonal site is more flexible in the tactics of the on-site athletes, so that the rhythm of the competition is more compact. The new rules and new fields will be a whole new challenge to the athletes, and the continuity of the attack technology, the conversion ability of both ends, the adaptability of the psychology and the ability to read the competition need to be strengthened, This requires an athlete to have a system-based training as a support. The following recommendations are given for the above conclusions:1. The change of the field is an important test to the athlete's psychology. It is positive to create a good and stable athlete's attitude through the actual psychological training, the improvement of the psychological quality, the ability to resist the changing environment, and the creation of a good and stable player. It's a good tactic, and it's perfect for every game. The decision on a fair decision is a decisive factor in the fight. It is not only the process of appreciation of the fierce competition and the uncertainty of the result of the competition, which is the direct cause of the existence and development of the movement of the boxing and boxing. To enhance the understanding and study of the rules of the Chinese boxing track can promote the scientific and reasonable of better training. As the area of the playing field is reduced, the competition is more intense, the better performance level and the ability to allocate the physical ability should be paid attention, and in the future training, the rapid force combination training should be strengthened, the efficiency of the training is guaranteed, and the maximum advantage in the day-to-day training is obtained in the shortest time. In the tactical training, the new technology and the development of the new method should be put forward. Strengthen the initiative of the athlete's training, increase the difficulty and comprehensiveness of the high-technical and tactical training, and enhance the technical ability of the attack and defense, so as to adapt to the improvement of the new requirements of the international competition and boxing training.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G886.9

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