我国部分优秀轮椅击剑运动员上肢三关节等速肌力研究

发布时间：2019-04-27 17:31

【摘要】：为了解轮椅击剑运动员的肌力特征,本研究运用等速肌力测试系统对上海轮椅击剑队部分运动员的肩关节、肘关节、腕关节进行等速肌力测试,通过对不同速度下相关肌群等速肌力表现以及男女运动员之间的差异进行分析,总结轮椅击剑运动员上肢三关节的肌力特点,并探寻其中的规律,对轮椅击剑项目的训练有所帮助;丰富轮椅击剑项目的科学研究,为今后该项目的研究提供一定的参照是本研究的目的所在。研究方法:本研究运用德国Physiomed公司开发的CON-TREX人体肌力评估系统对上海市体育训练中心轮椅击剑队的12名均优秀的轮椅击剑男、女运动员的肩关节、肘关节、腕关节的峰力矩、相对峰力矩、屈伸(或展收)比、平均功率等指标进行测定,运用统计分析方法对轮椅击剑运动员各个关节相关肌群在不同速度下的等速肌力表现进行对比分析,并且比较男、女运动员之间的差异,此外通过对非持剑手和非持剑手的对比来讨论非持剑侧对于该项目的意义。旨在丰富轮椅击剑相关研究,探寻轮椅击剑项目的发展规律,进一步推动该项目的发展。研究结果:240时女子运动员肩关节外展肌群峰力矩明显小于男子运动员(P0.05),内收肌群男、女运动员没有明显差异;肩、肘关节相关肌群峰力矩随着速度的增加而减小,而腕关节相反,随着运动角速度从60°/s提高到240°/s,腕关节展肌峰力矩有所增加,速度提高到240°/s时,男子运动员腕关节展肌峰力矩显著大于收肌峰力矩(P0.05),女子运动员持剑侧腕关节峰力矩在60°/s下和240°/s下展肌峰力矩均大于收肌峰力矩,差异非常显著(P0.01)。并且在240°/s下展肌与收肌峰力矩的差异较60°/s下更大。内收肌峰力矩男子运动员则明显大于女运动员(P0.05)。肘关节,肩关节在不同速度下其平均功率变化不显著,但是男子运动员腕关节外展肌群平均功率240°/s下明显高于60°/s。此外男女运动员在非持剑侧的肘关节峰力矩差异要远远大于持剑侧(P0.01)。说明了男、女运动员各关节相关肌群的肩、肘关节肌力和完成动作的速度与轮椅击剑运动员刺剑和收剑动作密切相关,同时,非持剑侧肘关节的肌力可能是拉大男女运动员差距的重要原因之一。研究结论:肩、肘关节相关肌群峰力矩随着速度的增加而减小,腕关节则相反。长期的专项训练使腕关节产生特异性变化,更适应快速向心收缩;女子运动员刺剑动作更适应快速环境。非持剑侧肘关节的力量、爆发力等在快速运动中的表现对轮椅击剑运动员刺剑和收回动作有着重要影响。
[Abstract]:In order to understand the muscle strength characteristics of wheelchair fencing athletes, the isometric muscle strength test system was used to test the shoulder joint, elbow joint and wrist joint of some athletes of Shanghai wheelchair fencing team. By analyzing the isokinetic muscle strength of relative muscle groups and the differences between male and female athletes at different speeds, this paper summarizes the characteristics of muscle strength of three joints of upper limb of wheelchair fencing athletes, and explores the regularity among them. Help with wheelchair fencing training; It is the aim of this study to enrich the scientific research of wheelchair fencing project and provide some reference for the future research. Methods: in this study, the CON-TREX body muscle strength evaluation system developed by German Physiomed company was used to evaluate the shoulder and elbow joints of 12 male and female wheelchair fencing men and women in the wheelchair fencing team of Shanghai Sports training Center. The peak moment, relative peak moment, flexion-extension ratio and average power of wrist joint were measured. Statistical analysis was used to compare and analyze the isokinetic muscle strength of each joint-related muscle group of wheelchair fencing athletes at different speeds, and to compare the differences between male and female athletes. In addition, this paper discusses the significance of non-sword-holding side to the project by comparing non-sword-bearer and non-sword-bearer. The purpose of this paper is to enrich the research on wheelchair fencing, explore the development rules of wheelchair fencing project, and further promote the development of wheelchair fencing project. The results showed that the peak torque of abductors of shoulder joint of female athletes was significantly lower than that of male athletes at 240 hours (P0.05), while there was no significant difference between male and female athletes in adductor muscle group. The peak torque of shoulder and elbow associated muscles decreases with the increase of velocity, while the moment of abductor carpal muscle increases with the increase of angular velocity from 60 掳/ s to 240 掳/ s, and when the velocity increases to 240 掳/ s, the peak torque of the abductor muscle of wrist increases to 240 掳/ s with the angular velocity increasing from 60 掳/ s to 240 掳/ s. The moment of abductor muscle of male athletes was significantly higher than that of adductor muscle (P0.05). The peak moment of abductor muscle of female athletes on the sword side was higher than that of adductor muscle at 60 掳/ s and 240 掳/ s respectively, and that of abductor muscle was higher than that of adductor muscle at 60 掳/ s and 240 掳/ s, respectively. The difference was very significant (P0.01). The difference of peak torque between abductor muscle and adductor muscle under 240 掳/ s was greater than that at 60 掳/ s. Adductor muscle peak moment of male athletes is significantly larger than female athletes (P0.05). The average power of elbow joint and shoulder joint did not change significantly at different speeds, but the average power of abductor muscle group of wrist joint of male athletes was significantly higher than that of 60 掳/ s at 240 掳/ s. In addition, the difference of peak moment of elbow joint between male and female athletes in non-sword-holding side was much larger than that in sword-holding side (P0.01). It is shown that the shoulder and elbow muscle strength of male and female athletes are closely related to the swords and draw-in movements of wheelchair fencing athletes, while the muscle strength of elbow joints and the speed of completing movement are closely related to the swords and draw-in movements of wheelchair fencing athletes. The muscle strength of non-sword elbows may be one of the important reasons for widening the gap between male and female athletes. Conclusion: the peak torque of shoulder and elbow related muscles decreases with the increase of speed, while the wrist joint is opposite. Long-term special training makes the wrist joints change specifically and adapts to the rapid concentric contraction, and the female athletes' swords are more suitable to the fast environment. The strength and explosive force of elbow joints of non-sword-holding side have an important influence on the swords and recovery of wheelchair fencing athletes in fast sports.
【学位授予单位】：上海体育学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G885

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