成年人不同重心高度爬行的运动学特征分析

发布时间：2019-05-29 14:31

【摘要】：人类爬行时与其他灵长类和非灵长类四肢动物有共同的四肢协调运动学特征,并已被证明这是由于他们拥有相似的中枢模式发生器(Central Pattern Generators,CPGs)。目的:以8名健康男性成年人不同的重心高度(分别约0.65 m、0.55 m及0.45 m)进行手足爬行为例,在前人研究的基础上对比四肢爬行与直立行走和四足动物移动时的运动学特征。方法:采用8个红外捕捉镜头的三维动态捕捉设备同步采集8名健康成年受试者的四肢和躯干运动学数据。所有受试者皆参与了为期9周的爬行学习与测试(每3周学习及测试1种爬行方法),所有测试皆在受试者熟练掌握爬行动作后进行,3种爬行动作测试完后进行直立行走的数据采集。选取的运动学指标主要包括同侧相位滞后(Ipsilateral Phase Lag,IPL)和关节活动范围。结果与结论:相比其他研究,本研究爬行速度较慢;与直立行走的典型运动学特征相比,受试者表现出较大的运动学协调模式范围(对角线模式与侧向序列模式)以及各主要关节更大的活动范围,且随着爬行时重心高度降低,肩、肘关节活动范围逐渐减小,髋、膝、踝关节活动范围逐渐增大,表明在一定范围内,重心越高支撑面越小,稳定性越差,需要更多的肢体支撑保持稳定,重心越低,越需要肩、肘关节的稳定性及髋、膝、踝关节的灵活性;反之,则需要肩、肘关节的灵活性和髋、膝、踝关节的稳定性。
[Abstract]:Humans crawl with other primates and non-primates with the same kinematic characteristics of limb coordination, and it has been proved that they have a similar central pattern generator (Central Pattern Generators,CPGs). Objective: to take 8 healthy male adults with different height of center of gravity (about 0.65 m, 0.55 m and 0.45 m, respectively) for hand and foot crawling as an example. On the basis of previous studies, the kinematic characteristics of crawling and upright walking and quadruped movement were compared. Methods: the kinematic data of limbs and torso of 8 healthy adult subjects were collected synchronously by using three dimensional dynamic capture equipment of 8 infrared capture lenses. All the subjects took part in a nine-week crawling learning and test (learning and testing a crawling method every three weeks), all of which were conducted after the subjects were proficient in crawling. After the test of three kinds of crawling movements, the data acquisition of vertical walking was carried out. The selected kinematic indexes mainly include ipsilateral phase lag (Ipsilateral Phase Lag,IPL) and joint motion range. Results and conclusion: compared with other studies, the crawling speed of this study is slower. Compared with the typical kinematic characteristics of vertical walking, the subjects showed a larger range of kinematic coordination modes (diagonal mode and lateral sequence mode) and a larger range of motion of the main joints, and the height of the center of gravity decreased with crawling. The range of motion of shoulder and elbow decreased gradually, and the range of motion of hip, knee and ankle increased gradually, which indicated that in a certain range, the higher the center of gravity, the smaller the supporting surface, the worse the stability, the more limb support was needed to maintain stability, and the lower the center of gravity. The more necessary the stability of shoulder and elbow joint and the flexibility of hip, knee and ankle joint; On the contrary, the flexibility of shoulder and elbow joints and the stability of hip, knee and ankle joints are required.
【作者单位】：河北师范大学体育学院;宁波大学体育学院;
【基金】：国防科技项目(17-163-12-ZT-002-124-01)
【分类号】：G804.6

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