我国艺术体操集体项目交换难度的研究

发布时间：2019-06-04 17:35

【摘要】：艺术体操集体项目是我国的重点突破项目。近年来,随着各周期国际艺术体操评分规则的不断更新,艺术体操技术水平的不断完善,集体项目朝着高竞技性、创新性以及艺术性的方向发展。交换难度作为集体项目重要的组成部分,亦是集体项目区别于个人项目的主要技术特征,在艺术体操集体项目中扮演着越来越重要的角色。交换难度的编排水平与完成质量成为影响比赛最终结果的重要因素之一。研究立足于FIG国际艺术体操评分规则,以2016年全国艺术体操锦标赛和里约奥运会艺术体操集体全能前八名队伍以及中国队为分析对象,运用文献资料法、调查法、视频分析法和数理统计法,对国内外艺术体操集体项目的交换难度进行对比分析,寻找我国与世界优秀队伍在交换难度价值、完成质量、空间结构、交换形式等方面存在的优势和不足,为促进我国艺术体操集体项目交换难度和整体水平的进一步提升提供一定的理论参考。研究结果表明:(1)历届评分规则对集体项目交换难度的更新主要集中在交换难度数量、交换形式、交换价值等方面,交换难度始终是国际艺术体操评分规则革新的重点。(2)我国和奥运会前八名队伍成套动作交换难度的编排价值处于同一水平;交换难度身体动作的选择主要集中在巴塞姿势和后踢腿等;身体动作和距离6米在交换难度加分因素中占主导;交换难度结合加分因素类型比较丰富,但从各因素的数量上看,缺乏均衡性。与奥运会前八名队伍相比,我国6棒2圈成套动作交换难度结合身体动作数量较少,内容不够丰富和新颖。(3)我国艺术体操集体项目交换难度完成质量与奥运会前八名队伍相比,存在一定差距,结合加分因素能否有效完成是影响有效交换难度分值的主要因素。器械基本技术的运用失误较多,接器械时长距离移动抢接致使失分严重是影响我国交换难度完成质量的主要原因。(4)我国集体队伍交换难度身体动作空间层次的利用比较均衡,器械空间层次的利用不够丰富;队形数量及种类较少,流动性较弱。(5)我国艺术体操集体项目交换难度的形式,在时间要素和参与人数要素上的运用较为丰富,但与奥运会前八名队伍相比,静态交换较多。
[Abstract]:Rhythmic gymnastics group event is the key breakthrough project in our country. In recent years, with the continuous updating of international rhythmic gymnastics scoring rules and the continuous improvement of rhythmic gymnastics technical level, collective events are developing in the direction of high competition, innovation and artistry. As an important part of collective events, exchange difficulty is also the main technical feature of collective events, which is different from individual events, and plays a more and more important role in rhythmic gymnastics collective events. The arrangement level and completion quality of exchange difficulty become one of the important factors that affect the final result of the competition. The research is based on the FIG International rhythmic Gymnastics scoring rules, taking the top eight teams and the Chinese team of rhythmic Gymnastics in 2016 National rhythmic Gymnastics Championship and Rio Olympic Games as the object of analysis, using the method of literature and investigation. Video analysis method and mathematical statistics method, this paper makes a comparative analysis of the exchange difficulty of rhythmic gymnastics collective events at home and abroad, and looks for the exchange difficulty value, completion quality and spatial structure between the excellent teams in China and the world. The advantages and disadvantages of exchange form provide some theoretical reference for promoting the difficulty and overall level of rhythmic gymnastics group event exchange in our country. The results show that: (1) the updating of collective project exchange difficulty by previous scoring rules mainly focuses on the number of exchange difficulty, exchange form, exchange value and so on. The difficulty of exchange has always been the focus of the innovation of the scoring rules of international rhythmic gymnastics. (2) the arrangement value of the difficulty of the exchange of complete sets of movements between China and the top eight teams of the Olympic Games is at the same level; The choice of exchange difficulty body movement mainly focuses on Basse posture and rear kick, and the body movement and distance 6 meters are dominant in the exchange difficulty score factor. The types of exchange difficulty combined with bonus factors are rich, but in terms of the number of factors, there is a lack of balance. Compared with the top eight teams of the Olympic Games, the number of 6-stick and 2-lap movement exchange difficulties combined with the number of body movements in China is less. The content is not rich and novel. (3) compared with the top eight teams in the Olympic Games, there is a certain gap in the quality of the exchange of rhythmic gymnastics collective events in China. Whether the bonus factor can be completed effectively is the main factor that affects the effective exchange difficulty score. There are many mistakes in the application of the basic technology of the instruments. The serious loss of points caused by the long distance moving and preempting of the equipment is the main reason that affects the quality of the exchange difficulty in our country. (4) the utilization of the space level of the body movement of the exchange difficulty of the collective team in our country is more balanced. The utilization of instrument space level is not rich enough; The number and type of formation are small and the mobility is weak. (5) the form of exchange difficulty of rhythmic gymnastics group events in China is rich in terms of time elements and participants, but compared with the top eight teams in the Olympic Games, There are more static exchanges.
【学位授予单位】：北京体育大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G834

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