吉林省足球裁判员体能影响因素及提高路径研究

发布时间：2019-06-12 04:50

【摘要】：从第一个裁判员出现在足球赛场上,至今已有100多年的历史了。一个多世纪以来,裁判员已成为绿茵场上不可缺少的重要角色,他们矫健的身影和潇洒的判罚始终吸引着球迷的视线。随着我国将足球运动的发展定为“国策”,中超、中甲、中乙以及U系列等足球比赛的质量也在日益提高,对于足球裁判员体能水平的要求也势必随之增加。因此,解决好足球裁判员体能不足的问题,加强裁判队伍建设,迅速提高各级别裁判员的素质,不仅能满足当前足球竞赛日益增多的需求,更是中国足球事业发展中的一个重要板块。有鉴于此,本研究运用文献法、问卷调查法、专家访谈法、德尔菲法以及数理统计法对吉林省足球裁判员体能水平现状进行调查,寻找出了影响吉林省足球裁判员体能的14个主要影响因素(详见附件二),并得出以下结论:(一)提取的主要公共潜因子有:体能训练因子、外部环境因子、健康引导因子以及内部影响因子构成。在4大公共潜因子中,体能训练因子对吉林省足球裁判员体能水平影响的权重最大,其包含的影响指标中,对体能训练因子的的权重排序是:体能训练计划制定/体能训练时间安排体能训练内容选择体能训练负荷控制体能训练方法手段训练后的营养恢复。外部环境因子的权重排在第二位,各因素对外部环境因子权重的大小依次是:裁判员管理制度裁判员体能测试标准所在地区足球运动开展情况。健康引导因子的权重排在第三位,各因素的权重依次为:不良的生活习惯运动损伤防护裁判员身体形态。内部影响因子权重系数最小,其涵盖的因素排序为:体能训练动机执法比赛级别。(二)调查发现裁判员体能训练计划缺乏系统性、科学性,体能训练时间分配不合理,训练内容满足不了实际需求,训练方法手段单一,不重视训练后的恢复过程是制约吉林省足球裁判员体能水平的重要影响因素。(三)从外部环境方面看,吉林省内各地区足球运动发展水平参差不齐,裁判员管理体制尚需完善,体能测试内容和标准有待改进也是另一个重要的影响因素。(四)吉林省足球裁判员身体形态较好,但裁判员普遍存在有伤病史和生活不规律,这也影响到了裁判员正常的体能训练。(五)从裁判员自身来看,裁判员对体能训练的重要程度达成了共识,其目的多是为通过体能测试,裁判员执裁比赛级别越高对其体能水平的要求也越高。针对影响吉林省足球裁判员体能水平的主要影响因素,笔者提出以下几点优化建议:(一)完善评价机制,加强档案管理;(二)整合优势资源,加强培训力度;(三)革新测试内容,优化测试标准;(四)树立健康意识,改善生活方式。
[Abstract]:It has been more than 100 years since the first referee appeared on the football field. For more than a century, referees have become an indispensable and important role in the green field, their vigorous figure and chic judgment have always attracted the attention of fans. With the development of football as "national policy" in our country, the quality of football matches such as China Super League, China A, China B and U series is also improving day by day, and the requirements for the physical fitness level of football referees are bound to increase. Therefore, solving the problem of insufficient physical fitness of football referees, strengthening the construction of referees and rapidly improving the quality of referees at all levels can not only meet the increasing demand of current football competitions, but also be an important part of the development of Chinese football. In view of this, this study uses literature method, questionnaire survey method, expert interview method, Delphi method and mathematical statistics method to investigate the current situation of physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province, and finds out 14 main influencing factors that affect the physical fitness of football referees in Jilin Province (see annex 2 for details), and draws the following conclusions: (1) the main public potential factors extracted are: physical training factors, external environmental factors, The composition of health guidance factors and internal influencing factors. Among the four public potential factors, the physical training factor has the greatest influence on the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. Among the influencing indexes, the weight order of the physical training factors is as follows: the physical training plan is drawn up / the physical training time arrangement is the physical training content, the physical training load control physical training method and the nutritional recovery after the training. The weight of external environmental factors ranks second, and the weight of each factor to external environmental factors is in turn: the development of football in the area where the referee's physical fitness test standard is located. The weight of health guidance factor ranks third, and the weight of each factor in turn is: bad living habits, sports injury protection referee body shape. The weight coefficient of internal influencing factors is the smallest, and the order of factors covered is: physical training motivation law enforcement competition level. (2) it is found that the physical training plan of referees is not systematic, scientific, the distribution of physical training time is unreasonable, the training content can not meet the actual needs, the training method and means are single, and the lack of attention to the recovery process after training is an important influencing factor restricting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province. (3) from the point of view of external environment, the development level of football in Jilin Province is uneven, the management system of referees still needs to be improved, and the contents and standards of physical fitness test need to be improved is also another important influencing factor. (4) the body shape of football referees in Jilin Province is good, but referees generally have a history of injury and irregular life, which also affects the normal physical training of referees. (5) from the referee's own point of view, the referee has reached a consensus on the importance of physical training, the purpose of which is to pass the physical fitness test, the higher the referee's competition level, the higher the requirement for his physical fitness level. In view of the main influencing factors affecting the physical fitness level of football referees in Jilin Province, the author puts forward the following optimization suggestions: (1) perfecting the evaluation mechanism and strengthening the file management; (2) integrating the superior resources and strengthening the training; (3) innovating the test contents and optimizing the test standards; (4) establishing the health consciousness and improving the life style.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G843

【参考文献】