我国学校体育场地动态发展的特征分析——基于全国体育场地“五普、六普”的数据挖掘视角

发布时间：2019-06-14 08:56

【摘要】：利用全国体育场地"五普、六普"数据,运用探索性空间数据分析(ESDA)方法,从全国和省域两个视角,探索我国学校体育场地动态发展特征。研究表明:1)全国的整体特征表现为,学校体育场地数量和场地面积(绝对量)发展比较缓慢,但学校人均场地数量和人均场地面积(相对量)的具体数值仍显著高于全国总体水平;财政拨款和单位自筹仍然是我国学校体育场地建设最主要的资金来源渠道,且财政拨款占比呈大幅提高态势;中小学体育场地被占用、改用或弃用的情况较为严重,但新建或改建的体育场地更加注重土地集约利用(立体化)。2)省域的全局空间特征表现为,省域学校体育场地的发展水平、发展比重、对外开放程度均存在空间集聚现象,但集聚程度趋于减弱。3)省域的局域空间特征表现为,在发展水平上,东北、西北各省域学校体育场地的绝对数量发展相对落后,而相对数量的落后地区则主要集中在四川、陕西、山西、山东、河南、河北、北京等省域,且集聚作用还在加强;省域学校体育场地发展比重与所在地区的经济发展水平呈负相关,即经济发展越落后的省域,其学校体育场地所占比重就越大,反之亦然;就对外开放情况的整体而言,西部省域学校体育场地不开放占比高于东部,华北、东北省域又高于中部、华东、华南各省域。针对上述特征,提出以下建议:我国学校体育场地今后发展应明确区分高校和中小学体育场地的发展重点;要积极拓宽建设资金来源渠道,改变过度依赖财政拨款的局面;应重视学校场地发展的区域差异,因地制宜地发展学校体育场地。
[Abstract]:Based on the data of "five popular and six universal" sports venues in China and the (ESDA) method of exploratory spatial data analysis, this paper explores the dynamic development characteristics of school sports venues in China from the national and provincial perspectives. The results show that: 1) the overall characteristics of the whole country are that the number and area of school sports venues (absolute quantity) develop slowly, but the specific values of per capita space number and per capita venue area (relative quantity) of schools are still significantly higher than the overall level of the whole country, financial allocation and unit self-financing are still the most important sources of funds for the construction of school sports venues in China, and the proportion of financial allocation is greatly increased. The sports venues in primary and secondary schools are occupied and replaced or abandoned, but the newly built or rebuilt sports venues pay more attention to the intensive use of land (three-dimensional). 2) the overall spatial characteristics of the provinces are as follows: the development level, the proportion of development and the degree of opening to the outside world of the sports venues in the provinces all have the phenomenon of spatial agglomeration, but the degree of agglomeration tends to weaken. 3) the local spatial characteristics of the provinces, At the level of development, the absolute number of school sports venues in Northeast and Northwest provinces is relatively backward, while the relatively backward areas are mainly concentrated in Sichuan, Shaanxi, Shandong, Henan, Hebei, Beijing and other provinces, and the agglomeration role is still strengthening. The proportion of school sports venues development in the province is negatively correlated with the economic development level of the region, that is, the more backward the economic development is, the greater the proportion of school sports venues is, and vice versa. As far as the opening to the outside world is concerned, the proportion of school sports venues closed in the western provinces is higher than that in the east, North China, Northeast China and the central, East and South China provinces. In view of the above characteristics, this paper puts forward the following suggestions: the future development of school sports venues in China should clearly distinguish the key points of the development of sports venues in colleges and universities and primary and secondary schools; we should actively broaden the sources of construction funds and change the situation of excessive dependence on financial allocation; we should pay attention to the regional differences in the development of school venues and develop school sports venues according to local conditions.
【作者单位】：福建师范大学体育科学学院;华中师范大学;
【基金】：国家社会科学基金重大招标项目(11&ZD150) 中国博士后科学基金资助项目(2015T80823;2014M552061)
【分类号】：G818

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