中国古代学校的三种“学规传统”

发布时间：2018-06-05 01:40

本文选题：学规 + 官学教育　；参考：《大学教育科学》2013年01期

【摘要】：作为传统教育文化的载体之一,学规蕴含了丰富的教育理念,展现了古代学校的教学和生活情形。十一世纪起,学规被视作是学校管理的一个重要组成部分,官学、书院和蒙学之中形成了相应的"学规传统"。官学学规详订管理规条,具有权威性和惩罚性,缺少对于教学、学习的阐释。这促发了注重劝谕、启发的书院学规传统的诞生,《白鹿洞书院揭示》就是典型的代表作。朱熹等人还开启了以"须知"、"学则"训练儿童道德行为习惯的蒙学学规传统。明清之际,三类学规传统形成定式。钦定"卧碑"、"圣谕"的出现意在管制士子、教化百姓;书院学规以生徒进德立品、读书治学为中心,亦会受到官方教育政策、科考举业和不同学术思想的影响;蒙学学规以训练道德行为和传授基础知识为鹄的,以达"蒙以养正"的"圣功"。
[Abstract]:As one of the carriers of traditional educational culture, academic regulations contain rich educational ideas and show the teaching and living conditions of ancient schools. Since the eleventh century, academic regulations have been regarded as an important part of school management. The administrative rules of official study are authoritative and punitive, and lack the explanation of teaching and learning. This inspired the birth of the tradition of persuasion and inspiration, and Bai Ludong Academy revealed is a typical masterpiece. Zhu Xi et al. Also opened up a tradition of learning to train children's moral behavior habits. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, three kinds of traditional learning rules were formed. The appearance of "lying tablet" and "holy oracle" was intended to control the intellectuals and enlighten the people. The rules of the academy were centered on the students' entering the moral system, studying and studying, and would also be influenced by the official education policy, the scientific examination and examination, and different academic thoughts. The aim of the rules is to train moral behavior and impart basic knowledge.
【作者单位】：华东师范大学教育学系;
【基金】：华东师范大学2011年校级“博士研究生学术新人奖”资助项目“近现代中国少年儿童教育组织之研究”(XRZZ2011005)
【分类号】：G529

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