工作记忆对中国二语学习者的即时句子回忆与句子理解的影响
发布时间：2018-07-24 13:36
【摘要】：工作记忆与句子加工的关系是心理语言学研究领域热点之一,当前相关研究多关注工作记忆对母语句子加工的影响,而对二语学习者的工作记忆在句子加工中的影响机制的研究并不多见,此外,目前国内研究多集中于探讨工作记忆与句法加工的关系,如对复杂句的句子理解加工的个体差异等,但关于工作记忆与句子加工中多重影响因素关系的研究不多。由于句子加工涉及到不同水平和不同信息层面(如语音,词汇,概念句法和概念信息等),因此,笔者认为关于工作记忆的研究,应结合影响句子加工机制中的多重因素的考虑,从而有利于更全面地探讨二语学习者句子加工的认知机制。 本研究在相关研究基础上考察了工作记忆对句子加工的影响,除了句法因素外,笔者进一步探讨了句子加工过程中工作记忆对语音与概念表征因素的影响。本次实验共包括三次测试。第一次测试为工作记忆广度测试,这一测试要求受试者能够判断所呈现的句子是否有意义,并同时记住每个句子的最后的那个词。测试结果按照记忆广度分值将被试分为高低组。之后,所有被试将参加即时视觉和听觉句子回忆的测试,该测试采用了Potter (1990)的概念诱导词的方法。该实验源于即时句子回忆的两种假设：Potter (1990)认为即时句子回忆主要基于概念表征,但Rummer(2001)认为Potter的实验过于强调概念生成而忽视了语音信息对即时句子回忆的促进作用,且该作用应在听觉句子呈现中效果更好。由于语音信息和概念表征是影响即时句子回忆的主要因素,因此要探讨工作记忆对句子加工的影响,就不能忽视工作记忆对概念表征的影响以及语音回路,这一工作记忆中的独立系统对语音信息的编码与即时存贮的影响。最后一个实验为即时句子理解实验,目的在于考察被试在句子理解加工中所表现出的工作记忆的个体差异。 实验结果主要概括为以下几点：首先,无论在视觉还是听觉呈现句子中,高工作组正确回忆率都比低工作组高,表明工作记忆确实影响即时句子回忆任务。同时,笔者发现由于受语音干扰的影响,语音信息对二语学习者句子加工的积极性作用不大,从而对听觉句子加工产生了影响。这一点恰从另一方面体现了语音编码在句子加工中的重要作用；其二,低工作组在句子回忆中更容易受概念诱导词的影响,笔者从信息的即时激活及工作记忆与长时记忆的链接角度加以解释,且这一实验结果在一定程度上为Baddeley(2000)提出的情景缓冲器与Potter(1993)的瞬时概念记忆系统的功能趋同性提供了佐证；其三,对于工作记忆在句法加工中的影响,测试结论支持相关研究结果：即句法加工难度越大,所需的工作记忆资源越多。而且,笔者发现,比起高工作组来,低工作组更容易受句法因素的影响,表明高工作组在句法加工中采用了平行加工的方式；最后,相关性检验表明工作记忆与即时句子回忆和句子理解任务显著相关。同时,相关性检验意外地发现句子理解任务与听觉呈现的句子回忆显著相关但是与视觉句子回忆的关系不显著。笔者从句子理解加工中语音回路的功能来解释其原因,但是并没有做出进一步分析,这一问题仍有待于未来研究中得以解决。
[Abstract]:The relationship between working memory and sentence processing is one of the hotspots in the field of psycholinguistics. The current related research focuses on the influence of working memory on the processing of the mother tongue sentence, and the research on the mechanism of the working memory of two language learners in the process of sentence processing is not much. The relationship between syntactic processing, such as the individual differences in understanding and processing of sentences in complex sentences, but there are few studies on the relationship between working memory and multiple factors in sentence processing. Because sentence processing involves different levels and different levels of information (such as speech, vocabulary, concept and concept information, etc.), the author thinks about the work The study of memory should be combined with the consideration of multiple factors in the mechanism of sentence processing, which is beneficial to a more comprehensive study of the cognitive mechanism of sentence processing in the two language learners.
In this study, the effect of working memory on sentence processing was investigated on the basis of related research. Besides the syntactic factors, the author further explored the influence of working memory on speech and conceptual representation in the process of sentence processing. The experiment included three tests. The first test was working memory span test, which required subjects to be tested. A person can judge the meaning of the sentence presented and remember the final word of each sentence at the same time. The test results are divided into high and low groups according to the memory span score. After that, all the subjects will participate in the test of immediate visual and auditory sentence recall. The test adopts the method of Potter (1990) concept inducer. The two hypotheses derived from immediate sentence recall: Potter (1990) believed that immediate sentence recollections were mainly based on conceptual representation, but Rummer (2001) considered that Potter's experiments overemphasized the generation of concepts and ignored the promotion of speech information to immediate sentence recall, and the effect should be better in the presentation of auditory sentences. Conceptual representation is the main factor affecting immediate sentence recall. Therefore, to explore the influence of working memory on sentence processing, we can not ignore the effect of working memory on conceptual representation and speech loop, the influence of independent system on the encoding and storage of speech information in this working memory. The last experiment is the instant sentence theory. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the individual differences in the working memory of the subjects in the process of sentence comprehension.
The experimental results are summarized as follows: first, in both visual and auditory presentation sentences, the correct recall rate of the high work group is higher than that of the low working group, indicating that working memory does affect the immediate sentence recall task. At the same time, the author finds that speech information is positive to the sentence processing of two language learners due to the influence of speech interference. There is a little effect on the processing of hearing sentences, which reflects the important role of speech coding in sentence processing. Secondly, the low working group is more susceptible to the influence of the concept induced words in the sentence recollection. The author from the instant activation of information and the link angle between working memory and long time memory. To some extent, the experimental results provide evidence for the functional convergence of the instantaneous conceptual memory system proposed by Baddeley (2000) and Potter (1993); thirdly, the effect of working memory on syntactic processing, and the result of the test conclusion support phase: the more difficult the syntactic processing is, the necessary work is needed. The more memory resources are, the more the author finds that the low working group is more susceptible to syntactic factors than the high work group, indicating that the high work group uses parallel processing in the syntactic processing; finally, the correlation test shows that working memory is significantly related to immediate sentence recall and sentence understanding. The task of finding sentence comprehension in the field is significantly related to the sentence recollection presented by the hearing, but the relationship with the visual sentence recollection is not significant. The author explains the function of the speech loop in the sentence understanding processing, but does not make a further analysis. This question remains to be solved in the future research.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G442
本文编号：2141549
[Abstract]:The relationship between working memory and sentence processing is one of the hotspots in the field of psycholinguistics. The current related research focuses on the influence of working memory on the processing of the mother tongue sentence, and the research on the mechanism of the working memory of two language learners in the process of sentence processing is not much. The relationship between syntactic processing, such as the individual differences in understanding and processing of sentences in complex sentences, but there are few studies on the relationship between working memory and multiple factors in sentence processing. Because sentence processing involves different levels and different levels of information (such as speech, vocabulary, concept and concept information, etc.), the author thinks about the work The study of memory should be combined with the consideration of multiple factors in the mechanism of sentence processing, which is beneficial to a more comprehensive study of the cognitive mechanism of sentence processing in the two language learners.
In this study, the effect of working memory on sentence processing was investigated on the basis of related research. Besides the syntactic factors, the author further explored the influence of working memory on speech and conceptual representation in the process of sentence processing. The experiment included three tests. The first test was working memory span test, which required subjects to be tested. A person can judge the meaning of the sentence presented and remember the final word of each sentence at the same time. The test results are divided into high and low groups according to the memory span score. After that, all the subjects will participate in the test of immediate visual and auditory sentence recall. The test adopts the method of Potter (1990) concept inducer. The two hypotheses derived from immediate sentence recall: Potter (1990) believed that immediate sentence recollections were mainly based on conceptual representation, but Rummer (2001) considered that Potter's experiments overemphasized the generation of concepts and ignored the promotion of speech information to immediate sentence recall, and the effect should be better in the presentation of auditory sentences. Conceptual representation is the main factor affecting immediate sentence recall. Therefore, to explore the influence of working memory on sentence processing, we can not ignore the effect of working memory on conceptual representation and speech loop, the influence of independent system on the encoding and storage of speech information in this working memory. The last experiment is the instant sentence theory. The purpose of the experiment is to examine the individual differences in the working memory of the subjects in the process of sentence comprehension.
The experimental results are summarized as follows: first, in both visual and auditory presentation sentences, the correct recall rate of the high work group is higher than that of the low working group, indicating that working memory does affect the immediate sentence recall task. At the same time, the author finds that speech information is positive to the sentence processing of two language learners due to the influence of speech interference. There is a little effect on the processing of hearing sentences, which reflects the important role of speech coding in sentence processing. Secondly, the low working group is more susceptible to the influence of the concept induced words in the sentence recollection. The author from the instant activation of information and the link angle between working memory and long time memory. To some extent, the experimental results provide evidence for the functional convergence of the instantaneous conceptual memory system proposed by Baddeley (2000) and Potter (1993); thirdly, the effect of working memory on syntactic processing, and the result of the test conclusion support phase: the more difficult the syntactic processing is, the necessary work is needed. The more memory resources are, the more the author finds that the low working group is more susceptible to syntactic factors than the high work group, indicating that the high work group uses parallel processing in the syntactic processing; finally, the correlation test shows that working memory is significantly related to immediate sentence recall and sentence understanding. The task of finding sentence comprehension in the field is significantly related to the sentence recollection presented by the hearing, but the relationship with the visual sentence recollection is not significant. The author explains the function of the speech loop in the sentence understanding processing, but does not make a further analysis. This question remains to be solved in the future research.
【学位授予单位】：扬州大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G442
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