大学生就业选择的认知影响因素探究及对策分析
发布时间：2018-09-01 07:32
【摘要】：大学生就业问题一直是一个备受关注的社会问题,高校毕业生能否成功就业直接关系到经济的发展和社会的稳定,高校毕业生成功就业是其生存与实现自我价值的前提条件,同时承载着一个家庭的希望与未来。由于社会经济发展的结构性矛盾,我国原本不容乐观的大学生就业问题变得更加严峻,社会中大学生的供给明显大于需求。以2010年为例,据社会保障部的最新统计数据表明,2010年全国高校毕业生为630万人,比去年的611万多19万人,加上往届未能就业的,需要就业的毕业生数量很大,高校毕业生就业形势十分严峻。 对此本文从实证出发,研究大学生就业选择的认知影响因素,从大学生的自我认知、职业认知、社会认知为切入点对其进行研究,通过访谈以及调查问卷的方式分析大学生就业选择时的自我认知、职业认知和社会认知现状,并探讨大学生自我认知、职业认知、社会认知和大学生就业选择的关系。本论文研究目的主要是了解在我国大学生面临就业选择时的认知影响因素,并对大学生的不良的就业认知进行有效的调适,通过研究不仅丰富了大学生就业选择认知影响因素的理论体系,还为高校指导学生就业提供依据。 通过研究得到信度和效度都符合要求的《大学生就业选择的认知影响因素评价》问卷,通过统计分析和结构方程分析发现大学生自我认知、职业认知和社会认知对大学生就业选择都有一定的影响,而影响大学生就业选择的因素中各个因素对大学生就业选择的贡献率不同,其中自我认知和职业认知的贡献率明显大于社会认知的贡献率。在自我认知中,自身能力、自身兴趣在自我认知中的路径系数较大,亦即,对自我认知的影响程度高于其他因素；在职业认知中,经济收入、工作地域、工作条件的路径系数较其他因素大；在社会认知中,社会地位、家庭满意的路径系数较大,对社会认知的影响程度较高。
[Abstract]:The employment of college students has always been a social issue of great concern. The success of employment of college graduates is directly related to the economic development and social stability. Successful employment of college graduates is the prerequisite for their survival and realization of self-worth. At the same time carry the hope and future of a family. Due to the structural contradiction of social and economic development, the problem of college students' employment, which was not optimistic, becomes more serious, and the supply of college students in society is obviously larger than the demand. Take 2010 as an example. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Social Security, there were 6.3 million college graduates nationwide in 2010, up from more than 190000 last year. The employment situation of college graduates is very serious. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper studies the cognitive factors of college students' employment choice, and studies their self-cognition, professional cognition and social cognition as the starting point. By means of interviews and questionnaires, this paper analyzes the present situation of college students' self-cognition, professional cognition and social cognition, and probes into the relationship between college students' self-cognition, professional cognition, social cognition and college students' employment choice. The purpose of this paper is to understand the cognitive factors that affect the employment choice of college students in our country, and to adjust the poor employment cognition of college students effectively. The research not only enriches the theoretical system of cognitive factors of college students' employment choice, but also provides the basis for college students to guide their employment. Through the study of reliability and validity in accordance with the requirements of the "Cognitive impact factors Evaluation of College students' Employment Choice" questionnaire, through statistical analysis and structural equation analysis found that college students' self-cognition. Career cognition and social cognition have certain influence on the employment choice of college students, and the contribution rate of each factor to the employment choice of college students is different. The contribution rate of self-cognition and occupational cognition is obviously greater than that of social cognition. In self-cognition, the path coefficient of self-ability and self-interest in self-cognition is larger, that is, the degree of influence on self-cognition is higher than that of other factors; in vocational cognition, economic income, work area, The path coefficient of working conditions is larger than that of other factors, and in social cognition, the path coefficient of social status and family satisfaction is larger, and the influence degree on social cognition is higher.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B844.2
[Abstract]:The employment of college students has always been a social issue of great concern. The success of employment of college graduates is directly related to the economic development and social stability. Successful employment of college graduates is the prerequisite for their survival and realization of self-worth. At the same time carry the hope and future of a family. Due to the structural contradiction of social and economic development, the problem of college students' employment, which was not optimistic, becomes more serious, and the supply of college students in society is obviously larger than the demand. Take 2010 as an example. According to the latest statistics from the Ministry of Social Security, there were 6.3 million college graduates nationwide in 2010, up from more than 190000 last year. The employment situation of college graduates is very serious. Based on the empirical analysis, this paper studies the cognitive factors of college students' employment choice, and studies their self-cognition, professional cognition and social cognition as the starting point. By means of interviews and questionnaires, this paper analyzes the present situation of college students' self-cognition, professional cognition and social cognition, and probes into the relationship between college students' self-cognition, professional cognition, social cognition and college students' employment choice. The purpose of this paper is to understand the cognitive factors that affect the employment choice of college students in our country, and to adjust the poor employment cognition of college students effectively. The research not only enriches the theoretical system of cognitive factors of college students' employment choice, but also provides the basis for college students to guide their employment. Through the study of reliability and validity in accordance with the requirements of the "Cognitive impact factors Evaluation of College students' Employment Choice" questionnaire, through statistical analysis and structural equation analysis found that college students' self-cognition. Career cognition and social cognition have certain influence on the employment choice of college students, and the contribution rate of each factor to the employment choice of college students is different. The contribution rate of self-cognition and occupational cognition is obviously greater than that of social cognition. In self-cognition, the path coefficient of self-ability and self-interest in self-cognition is larger, that is, the degree of influence on self-cognition is higher than that of other factors; in vocational cognition, economic income, work area, The path coefficient of working conditions is larger than that of other factors, and in social cognition, the path coefficient of social status and family satisfaction is larger, and the influence degree on social cognition is higher.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨工程大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：B844.2
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