中国公共经济管理转型对民办教育影响研究

发布时间：2018-09-18 12:12

【摘要】：教育作为公共产品,公共部门管理变革对其发展有重要影响。作为公共部门的政府长期以来是教育公共产品的提供者和管理者,作为提供者它影响着教育公共产品供给的种类和质量；而作为管理者通过政策和各种管理手段,能够为教育公共品的供给创造良好的社会环境和公共服务。民办教育作为非政府提供的公共产品,政府对其采取什么管理手段和方法,对民办教育的发展作用同样不可小视。民办教育的崛起对于教育的发展产生了积极的影响。其最大贡献是增加了教育的供给,推动了教育改革,提高了教育的效率,改善了教育公平,扩大了教育选择的机会,是教育事业的重要组成部分。实质是对政府提供教育公共产品的方式和管理模式产生重大影响。近二十多年来,中国民办教育的发展势头良好。一方面,社会投资办学的热情高涨；另一方面,国家也积极制订支持民办教育发展的法律法规,采取一系列政策、措施扶持民办教育发展。民办教育发展已经进入了历史发展史上最好的时期。民办教育的兴盛说明教育已经不再只能由政府独家提供,政府、社会力量共同兴办教育的格局已经形成。同时也意味着管理者与办学者可以有条件地分离。这种分离必然要求对教育的行政管理方式发生重大转变。政府将逐步变成“掌舵者”,而非单纯的“划桨者”。民办教育的发展离不开对其作用地位的清晰认识和政府的全力支持。目前民办教育还存在许多问题,如何在理论上进一步确立民办教育地位和作用,在实践上继续落实《民办教育促进法》规定的扶持政策,如何提升民办基础教育的质量,如何促进民办职业教育加强管理,如何加强民办高校监管等等,这些问题都需要深入进行研究、分析。本论文通过梳理、分析公共经济管理和公共产品等相关理论,深入探索中国公共经济管理转型与民办教育发展之间的关系,综述中国民办教育的基本发展历程,在对中国民办教育发展的现实情况充分认知的基础上,明确认识各类民办教育中存在的主要问题,以公共经济管理转型理论为切入点,分析该理论对民办教育发展的重要影响,并以宁波市的民办教育作为个案,通过实际案例剖析,探寻政府管理转型的现实途径。以此作为解决中国民办教育发展中现存各种问题的建议依据,从而达到促进中国民办教育快速、健康、持续发展的目标。理论界针对民办教育的相关学术研究,已经形成了一定的理论研究成果,而且社会各界以及政府等公共部门,都认识到民办教育的发展对提升中国整体教育水平,推动教育改革,提供多元选择都具有重要的作用,政府已经制订和出台了一系列促进民办教育发展的政策制度,在促进民办教育大力发展巾已经有了一定的实践经验积累。但由于巾国仍是转型国家,从计划经济向社会主义市场经济转型仍是一个比较漫长的过程中,其中存在许多困难和问题亟需解决,发展民办教育仍存在许多问题,在政策层面,制度层面仍需要突破许多障碍,亟待理论和实践的创新。本论文的创新之处就在于：第一,本论文的研究将对民办教育与公共经济管理转型的研究联系在一起,寻找民办教育与公共经济管理、公共产品多元供给机制之间的契合点,这方面的研究目前还很少,本论文这一点是不同于以往的民办教育发展研究,视角新颖,契合实际。从理论上做到了一定的创新,丰富了现有的民办教育发展理论。第二,通过研究,本论文希望通过中国政府管理的变革和公共产品供给多元机制的构建来促进民办教育的发展,提出了自己新的理论观点。本文从民办教育发展的历史沿革,突出的问题,政府管理转型的影响,个案的实证研究和分类管理制度的设计等几个维度论述了公共经济管理转型与民办教育发展的关系,凸显了公共经济管理转型和公共产品多元供给机制的构建对于民办教育发生、发展和未来走向的的影响。理论和实践证明在目前民办教育整体走弱形势下,政策和制度突破的重点应该是要构建与社会主义市场经济相适应的公共产品多元供给机制,加快政府管理的转型。中国这些年的民办教育蓬勃发展就是这种模式转型的结果,今后民办教育的发展也应遵循这一制度变迁的理论路径。因此,政府对教育的管理政策、方式也需要与公共产品多元式供给的理论相适应,进行改革或调整。因而本文具有较强的理论意义和较高的实践应用价值。第三,通过实证和国外的比较研究提出了民办教育分类管理的可行的方案。中国的实际是：当年民办教育投资者大多以投资性质进入该领域的。如何推行营利性和非营利性的分类管理,难点在实施的途径和策略。因此,寻找到一个震荡小的过渡的办法,是分类管理制度建立的关键。而分类管理的实施是影响今后民办教育发展走向的重要制度突破。从这个角度说本文具有较强的现实指导意义。本论文共分为七章。第一章,绪论。引入议题并交代选题背景和研究意义等。第二章,对基础理论进行分析研究。主要包括公共经济,公共产品理论和公共选择理论等,为下文的分析提供理论支撑。第三章,介绍中国民办教育的发展历程和概况。第四章,分析公共产品多元供给机制与民办教育发展问题,明确现阶段公共经济管理和公共产品多元供给制度设计的缺失是民办教育发展问题的主要根源。第五章,分析巾国公共经济管理转型对于民办教育影响的问题,并提出公共经济-即政府管理转型的现实路径,力求通过政府转型和公共产品多元供给机制的构建促进民办教育发展。第六章,以宁波为个案,考察和研究宁波通过政府管理转型推动当地民办教育发展的各种机制和措施。第七章,试图通过目前民办教育发展瓶颈“产权问题”的分析,凸显新的制度创新的紧迫性。通过顶层制度设计实现民办教育的分类管理,即营利与非营利的分类管理,并根据中国国情寻求可行的操作方案。为民办教育发展可持续发展探寻根本性的制度保障。第八章,结论与展望。
[Abstract]:As a public product, education has an important impact on the development of the public sector management reform. As a public sector government has long been the provider and manager of public education products, as a provider it affects the types and quality of public education products supply; and as a manager through policies and various management means, it can provide education. The supply of educational public goods creates a good social environment and public services. As a public product provided by non-governmental organizations, private education can not be underestimated by what management means and methods the government adopts.
The rise of private education has a positive impact on the development of education. Its greatest contribution is to increase the supply of education, promote the reform of education, improve the efficiency of education, improve the fairness of education, and expand the opportunities for educational choices. It is an important part of education. Essentially, it is a way to provide the government with educational public goods. And management mode.
On the one hand, the enthusiasm of social investment in running schools is rising; on the other hand, the state has actively formulated laws and regulations to support the development of private education, adopted a series of policies and measures to support the development of private education. The prosperity of private education shows that education can no longer be provided exclusively by the government, the government and social forces have formed a pattern of co-running education. Meanwhile, it also means that managers and scholars can be separated conditionally. Rather than a simple "rower".
The development of private education depends on a clear understanding of its role and full support from the government.At present, there are still many problems in private education. How to promote private vocational education to strengthen management, how to strengthen the supervision of private colleges and universities, and so on, these problems need in-depth study and analysis.
Through sorting out and analyzing the relevant theories of public economic management and public goods, this paper probes into the relationship between the transformation of public economic management and the development of private education in China, summarizes the basic development process of private education in China, and clearly recognizes various types of private education on the basis of full understanding of the reality of the development of private education in China. Taking the theory of public economic management transformation as the breakthrough point, this paper analyzes the important influence of this theory on the development of private education, and takes the private education in Ningbo as a case, through the analysis of actual cases, explores the realistic way of the transformation of government management as a solution to the existing problems in the development of private education in China. Based on the suggestions, we can achieve the goal of promoting the fast, healthy and sustainable development of China's private education.
Theoretical circles have formed certain theoretical research results on private education, and the development of private education has been recognized by all walks of life as well as the government and other public departments as an important role in promoting China's overall educational level, promoting educational reform and providing diversified choices. The government has formulated and promulgated the study. A series of policies and systems to promote the development of private education have accumulated some practical experience in promoting the vigorous development of private education. However, the transition from planned economy to socialist market economy is still a relatively long process in which many difficulties and problems need to be solved urgently so as to develop the people. There are still many problems in running education. At the policy level and the system level, we still need to break through many obstacles and innovate the theory and practice.
The innovation of this paper lies in:
Firstly, the research of this paper will link the research of private education with the transformation of public economic management, and find the point of agreement between private education and public economic management, and the mechanism of diversified supply of public goods. At present, there is little research on this aspect. This paper is different from the previous research on the development of private education, with a new perspective and a good agreement. It has made some innovations in theory and enriched the existing theory of private education development.
Secondly, through research, this paper hopes to promote the development of private education through the reform of Chinese government management and the construction of pluralistic mechanism of public goods supply, and puts forward its own new theoretical viewpoints. The paper discusses the relationship between the transformation of public economic management and the development of private education from several aspects, such as the design of the system, and highlights the impact of the transformation of public economic management and the construction of the pluralistic supply mechanism of public goods on the occurrence, development and future trend of private education. The key to break through the system should be to construct a diversified supply mechanism of public goods suitable for the socialist market economy and speed up the transformation of government management.The vigorous development of private education in China these years is the result of this transformation.The development of private education in the future should also follow the theoretical path of this institutional change. The government's management policy on education needs to be reformed or adjusted in accordance with the theory of pluralistic supply of public goods.
China's reality is that most investors in private education entered this field by the nature of investment. How to carry out the classified management of profit-making and non-profit, the difficulty lies in the way and strategy of implementation. The method of small transition is the key to the establishment of classified management system, and the implementation of classified management is an important institutional breakthrough that will affect the future development of private education.
Chapter one, introduction, background and research significance of introducing topics and explaining topics. Chapter two, analysis and Research on basic theories, mainly including public economy, public goods theory and public choice theory, provide theoretical support for the following analysis. Chapter three introduces the development process and outline of private education in China. Chapter Four analyzes the problems of the diversified supply mechanism of public goods and the development of private education. It is clear that the lack of public economic management and the design of the diversified supply system of public goods are the main causes of the development of private education. Economy-that is, the realistic path of government management transformation, strives to promote the development of private education through the transformation of government and the construction of a pluralistic supply mechanism of public goods.
Chapter 6, taking Ningbo as an example, investigates and studies the various mechanisms and measures to promote the development of local private education through the transformation of government management. Chapter 7 tries to highlight the urgency of new institutional innovation through the analysis of the current bottleneck of the development of Private Education - "property rights issues" - through the top-level system design to achieve the classification of private education. Management, i.e. classified management of profit and non-profit, seeks feasible operation scheme according to China's national conditions, and seeks fundamental institutional guarantee for the sustainable development of private education. Chapter 8, conclusions and prospects.
【学位授予单位】：武汉大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：G522.72

【参考文献】