中小学校教室光环境的调查与研究
发布时间：2018-12-19 17:10
【摘要】：根据2004年全国学生体质健康调研结果显示,我国中小学学生的近视率同2000年相比均有不同程度的上升,大城市的学生近视患病率显著提高。教室的光环境质量直接影响学生和教师的视觉作业完成效果,良好的光环境可以提高学习效率和减少视觉疲劳,保护青少年学生的视力。中小学生特别是小学生正处于养成正确用眼习惯的重要阶段,科学合理的光环境设计对于他们视力保护具有重要意义。长期以来,国内外对中小学校教室光环境质量的调研及评价尚缺乏针对性研究。针对这一现状,本文结合重庆市部分中小学校教室光环境的实地调研结果,建立了中小学校教室光环境综合评价模型。基于查阅国内外室内光环境设计资料及文献的基础,提出了中小学校教室光环境设计及改造建议。本文的主要工作及结论如下: ①通过对重庆市10所中小学校25间普通教室进行实地调研、结合数据分析结果、根据现行的国家相关标准及规范,对中小学校教室的光环境现状进行系统分析。结果表明,重庆市中小学校教室采光和黑板照明问题十分严重,人工照明也不理想,与国家新标准有一定差距。 ②通过模糊数学及问卷调查的方法确定综合评价体系的十个评价指标,利用改进的层次分析法确定评价指标的相对权重,最终建立中小学校教室光环境质量的综合评价模型。利用该模型对实地调研学校中的两个典型教室光环境质量进行评判。通过专家评分法对该模型进行可行性验证,分析结果表明该模型可有效评判某教室光环境质量合格与否,也可比较几个教室光环境设计方案的优劣。 ③针对中小学校教室光环境现状及存在的问题,综合大量技术资料,结合现场调研的数据及观察分析,对中小学校教室的采光现状、桌面照度、照度均匀度、黑板照明及眩光,提出一些设计想法及改造建议,以供照明设计师在设计时参考。根据所提建议,利用DIALux照明仿真软件对某学校的人工照明改造方案进行仿真分析,验证了改造建议的可行性,确定了最佳的改造方案。 本论文针对中小学教室光环境进行了研究,建立的综合评价模型为今后评判教室光环境合格与否以及教室光环境的改造效果提供了方法及依据。提出的改造建议对今后学校教室的工程施工及改造工作具有一定的参考价值。
[Abstract]:According to the results of the national investigation of students' physical health in 2004, the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in China has increased in varying degrees compared with 2000, and the prevalence rate of myopia among students in big cities has increased significantly. The quality of classroom light environment directly affects the effect of students and teachers' visual work completion. A good light environment can improve the learning efficiency and reduce visual fatigue and protect the visual acuity of young students. Primary and middle school students, especially primary school students, are in the important stage of developing correct eye use habits. Scientific and reasonable light environment design is of great significance for their visual protection. For a long time, the investigation and evaluation of classroom light environment quality in primary and middle schools are lack of pertinence research at home and abroad. In view of this situation, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of classroom light environment in primary and secondary schools by combining with the field investigation results of some primary and secondary schools in Chongqing. Based on the reference of domestic and foreign interior light environment design data and literature, the paper puts forward some suggestions for classroom light environment design and renovation in primary and middle schools. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1 through the field investigation of 25 ordinary classrooms in 10 primary and middle schools in Chongqing, combined with the data analysis results, according to the current relevant national standards and norms, The present situation of light environment in primary and middle school classrooms is systematically analyzed. The results show that the lighting problems of classroom lighting and blackboard lighting in primary and secondary schools in Chongqing are very serious, and artificial lighting is not ideal, which is far from the new national standard. (2) Ten evaluation indexes of the comprehensive evaluation system are determined by means of fuzzy mathematics and questionnaire survey, and the relative weights of the evaluation indexes are determined by the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive evaluation model of classroom light environment quality in primary and secondary schools is established. The model is used to evaluate the quality of light environment in two typical classrooms in field research schools. The feasibility of the model is verified by expert scoring method. The analysis results show that the model can effectively judge the quality of light environment in a classroom, and can also compare the merits and demerits of several light environment design schemes. (3) aiming at the present situation and existing problems of classroom light environment in primary and secondary schools, combining a large amount of technical data, the data of field investigation and observation and analysis, the present situation of daylighting, desktop illumination, uniformity of illumination, blackboard lighting and glare in primary and middle school classrooms were analyzed. Put forward some design ideas and suggestions for lighting designers in the design reference. According to the suggestion, the simulation analysis of the artificial lighting reconstruction scheme of a school is carried out by using the DIALux lighting simulation software, which verifies the feasibility of the reconstruction proposal and determines the best scheme. In this paper, the light environment of primary and middle school classrooms is studied, and the comprehensive evaluation model is established to provide the method and basis for judging whether the classroom light environment is up to standard or not and the effect of classroom light environment transformation in the future. The suggestion has some reference value for the construction and reconstruction of school classroom in the future.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TU113;TU244.2
[Abstract]:According to the results of the national investigation of students' physical health in 2004, the myopia rate of primary and secondary school students in China has increased in varying degrees compared with 2000, and the prevalence rate of myopia among students in big cities has increased significantly. The quality of classroom light environment directly affects the effect of students and teachers' visual work completion. A good light environment can improve the learning efficiency and reduce visual fatigue and protect the visual acuity of young students. Primary and middle school students, especially primary school students, are in the important stage of developing correct eye use habits. Scientific and reasonable light environment design is of great significance for their visual protection. For a long time, the investigation and evaluation of classroom light environment quality in primary and middle schools are lack of pertinence research at home and abroad. In view of this situation, this paper establishes a comprehensive evaluation model of classroom light environment in primary and secondary schools by combining with the field investigation results of some primary and secondary schools in Chongqing. Based on the reference of domestic and foreign interior light environment design data and literature, the paper puts forward some suggestions for classroom light environment design and renovation in primary and middle schools. The main work and conclusions of this paper are as follows: 1 through the field investigation of 25 ordinary classrooms in 10 primary and middle schools in Chongqing, combined with the data analysis results, according to the current relevant national standards and norms, The present situation of light environment in primary and middle school classrooms is systematically analyzed. The results show that the lighting problems of classroom lighting and blackboard lighting in primary and secondary schools in Chongqing are very serious, and artificial lighting is not ideal, which is far from the new national standard. (2) Ten evaluation indexes of the comprehensive evaluation system are determined by means of fuzzy mathematics and questionnaire survey, and the relative weights of the evaluation indexes are determined by the improved Analytic hierarchy process (AHP). Finally, the comprehensive evaluation model of classroom light environment quality in primary and secondary schools is established. The model is used to evaluate the quality of light environment in two typical classrooms in field research schools. The feasibility of the model is verified by expert scoring method. The analysis results show that the model can effectively judge the quality of light environment in a classroom, and can also compare the merits and demerits of several light environment design schemes. (3) aiming at the present situation and existing problems of classroom light environment in primary and secondary schools, combining a large amount of technical data, the data of field investigation and observation and analysis, the present situation of daylighting, desktop illumination, uniformity of illumination, blackboard lighting and glare in primary and middle school classrooms were analyzed. Put forward some design ideas and suggestions for lighting designers in the design reference. According to the suggestion, the simulation analysis of the artificial lighting reconstruction scheme of a school is carried out by using the DIALux lighting simulation software, which verifies the feasibility of the reconstruction proposal and determines the best scheme. In this paper, the light environment of primary and middle school classrooms is studied, and the comprehensive evaluation model is established to provide the method and basis for judging whether the classroom light environment is up to standard or not and the effect of classroom light environment transformation in the future. The suggestion has some reference value for the construction and reconstruction of school classroom in the future.
【学位授予单位】：重庆大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2011
【分类号】：TU113;TU244.2
【引证文献】
中国硕士学位论文全文数据库 前2条
1 侯贺;室内墙面照度传感器布置方法及照明调光控制系统的研究[D];重庆大学;2012年
2 俞雪t，
本文编号：2387214
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jiaoyulunwen/xueshengguanli/2387214.html
