大学生认知灵活性与择业效能感的关系研究

发布时间：2019-06-25 07:26

【摘要】：认知灵活性(cognitive flexibility),或称认知适应的灵活性,是指个体采取灵活有效的认知策略,以适应变化情境的能力。认知灵活性较高的个体,往往表现出对问题情境更好的适应能力。择业效能感(career decision-making self-efficacy),是班杜拉自我效能感理论在职业领域的具体应用。它在个体职业选择的过程中,扮演着重要的角色。 本文将认知灵活性与择业效能感相结合,对大学生的认知灵活性和择业效能感的现状及二者之间的关系进行了研究,拟为大学生就业过程提供指导和理论依据。 本文首先对认知灵活性和择业效能感的理论概念、测量工具以及认知灵活性和择业效能感的相关研究进行了综述。其次,采用国内研究者修订的大学生认知灵活性问卷(Martin Rubin,1995编订,赵兵修订)和大学生择业效能感问卷(Taylor Betz,1983编订,龙燕梅修订),以785名在校大学生为研究对象,对其进行了测量。一方面,分析了大学生认知灵活性和择业效能感在性别、是否毕业年级学生、文理科、独生子女情况和社会实践经验上的差异；另一方面,研究了大学生的认知灵活性与择业效能感之间的关系。研究结果表明： 1.大学生认知灵活性在毕业年级、文理科和社会实践经验上存在显著差异。毕业年级学生认知灵活性显著高于非毕业年级学生,文科生认知灵活性显著高于理科生,具有社会实践经验的学生认知灵活性显著高于没有社会实践经验的学生。 2.大学生择业效能感在性别、文理科和独生子女上存在显著差异。男生择业效能感显著高于女生,文科生择业效能感显著高于理科生,独生子女的择业效能感显著高于非独生子女。 3.大学生认知灵活性和择业效能感存在显著正相关关系。 4.大学生的认知灵活性对择业效能感具有预测作用。
[Abstract]:Cognitive flexibility (cognitive flexibility), or cognitive adaptation flexibility, refers to the ability of individuals to adopt flexible and effective cognitive strategies to adapt to changing situations. Individuals with higher cognitive flexibility often show better adaptability to problem situations. Career choice efficacy (career decision-making self-efficacy) is the concrete application of Bandura's self-efficacy theory in the field of occupation. It plays an important role in the process of individual career choice. Based on the combination of cognitive flexibility and career choice efficacy, this paper studies the present situation of college students' cognitive flexibility and career choice efficacy and the relationship between them, in order to provide guidance and theoretical basis for the employment process of college students. In this paper, the theoretical concepts of cognitive flexibility and career efficacy, measurement tools and the related research on cognitive flexibility and career efficacy are reviewed. Secondly, the cognitive flexibility questionnaire (Martin Rubin,1995, Zhao Bing) and Taylor Betz,1983 (long Yanmei revision), which were revised by domestic researchers, were used to measure 785 college students. On the one hand, it analyzes the differences of college students' cognitive flexibility and career choice efficacy in gender, graduate grade students, liberal arts and science, only child and social practice experience; on the other hand, it studies the relationship between college students' cognitive flexibility and career choice efficacy. The results show that: 1. There are significant differences in college students' cognitive flexibility in graduation grade, liberal arts and science and social practice experience. The cognitive flexibility of graduate students was significantly higher than that of non-graduate students, the cognitive flexibility of liberal arts students was significantly higher than that of science students, and the cognitive flexibility of students with social practice experience was significantly higher than that of students without social practice experience. two銆，

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