4-6岁幼儿完成平衡秤任务的研究

发布时间：2018-02-13 04:24

本文关键词： 平衡秤任务幼儿发展规则阶段　出处：《华东师范大学》2013年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：当今科学技术的巨大进步影响和改变人们的观念、生活和行为方式,因此,国民科学文化素质和创新能力越来越受到重视。科学教育在教育领域和教育阶段占有重要地位。学龄前儿童的科学思维特点是具体形象思维为主,并开始发展抽象思维能力。对于学龄前的儿童来说,科学教育更多地是探究事物或现象、发现变化差异和体验科学方法。笔者的研究始于对幼儿园科学教育实践,并在前人已有研究的基础上,确立研究的内容为幼儿平衡秤任务的发展研究。本研究抽取了120名中大班幼儿为被试,目的是考察4-6岁幼儿对平衡秤任务的具体表现状况,分析幼儿完成平衡秤任务的特征、发展趋势以及使用规则策略的情况,并与以往的研究成果做比较。本研究的主要结论如下： 1.4-6岁幼儿完成平衡秤任务总分存在显著年龄差异。4-5岁幼儿在冲突重量问题上的得分高于5-6岁幼儿,差异显著；其它五种平衡秤任务均是5-6岁幼儿得分高于4-5岁幼儿,其中平衡问题、距离问题、冲突距离问题和冲突平衡问题得分差异显著,在重量问题上得分差异不显著。 2.4-6岁幼儿完成平衡秤任务得分不存在性别差异。性别不是4-6岁幼儿平衡秤平衡认识发展的影响因素。 3.4-5岁幼儿认识规则的人数由低级规则向高级规则递减,5-6岁幼儿认识规则的人数由低级规则到高级规则显示出递增趋势。4-6岁幼儿在规则使用方面呈现出倒退现象,规则转变有不稳定的特点。 4.5-6岁处于规则Ⅲ阶段的幼儿还会使用到补偿规则、加法规则、减法规则等其他规则。本研究结论对幼儿园科学教育的建议是：教育活动目标要符合幼儿年龄特点；创造条件和机会供幼儿提问交流和讨论；中班幼儿适合观察学习,大班幼儿适合自主探究；教师要给幼儿足够的动手探究的机会和时间,理解幼儿的错误概念。
[Abstract]:The great advances in science and technology today have influenced and changed the way people think, live and behave. More and more attention has been paid to the quality of national science and culture and the ability to innovate. Science education plays an important role in the field and stage of education. The scientific thinking of preschool children is characterized by concrete thinking in images. For preschool children, science education is more about exploring things or phenomena, finding differences in changes and experiencing scientific methods. The author's research began with the practice of science education in kindergartens, and based on the previous studies, the author established the content of the study as the development of the task of balancing scales for young children. In this study, 120 middle and large class children were selected as subjects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the performance of children aged 4-6 years on the balance scale task, and to analyze the characteristics, development trend and the use of rules and strategies of the balance scale task. The main conclusions of this study are as follows:. 1.There was significant age difference in the total score of the balance scale task of children aged 4-6 years old. The score of children aged 4-5 years old was higher than that of children aged 5-6 years old, and the other five kinds of balancing scale tasks were the scores of children aged 5-6 years were higher than that of children aged 4-5 years. Among them, the balance problem, the distance problem, the conflict distance problem and the conflict balance problem have significant difference in score, but the difference in weight problem is not significant. 2.There was no gender difference in the score of balance balance scale for children aged 4-6 years old, and gender was not the influencing factor for the development of balance balance scale for children aged 4-6 years old. 3.The number of awareness rules for children aged 4-5 years decreases from lower rules to higher rules. The number of children aged 5 to 6 years old from lower rules to higher rules shows an increasing trend. Children aged 4 to 6 years show a retrogressive phenomenon in the use of rules. The change of rules is characterized by instability. 4.5-6 years old children in the third stage will also use compensation rules, addition rules, subtraction rules and other rules. The conclusions of this study are as follows: the goal of educational activities should conform to the characteristics of children's age, create conditions and opportunities for children to ask questions and exchange and discuss, middle class children are suitable for observation and study, large class children are suitable for self-inquiry; The teacher should give the child enough opportunity and time to explore and understand the child's wrong concept.
【学位授予单位】：华东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G612

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