学前儿童在窗口任务中困难原因的研究

发布时间：2018-03-05 11:15

本文选题：窗口任务　切入点：执行功能　出处：《西南大学》2007年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 已有的研究证明学前儿童在窗口任务中存在困难，许多研究认为困难是由于儿童无法抑制指示奖品的优势反应导致的，也有研究认为是规则推理困难引起的。本文将执行功能任务划分为规则使用任务和规则归纳任务，并将窗口任务中的抑制控制需要区分为抵制诱惑和抑制冲突，探讨窗口任务作为规则归纳执行功能任务，造成其困难的本质原因。本研究包括三个实验。实验一采用标准窗口任务和去除规则归纳需要的规则使用窗口任务，及两种不同反应形式的昼夜任务，探讨规则归纳是否会影响3岁儿童在窗口任务中的表现，窗口任务与昼夜任务是否存在共同的执行功能成分。实验二通过去除规则使用窗口任务中的“抵制诱惑”需要构成中性条件，和积极条件进行比较，考察“抵制诱惑”需要对儿童成绩的影响。实验三在去除诱惑的基础上加入消极因素，在真实位置上放置儿童避免指示的物体，构成消极条件，进一步考察“抑制冲突”需要在窗口任务中的作用。在本研究条件下得出以下结论： (1)儿童在规则使用窗口任务中的表现显著好于标准窗口任务，规则归纳因素会造成3岁儿童在窗口任务中的困难，但不是困难的唯一原因。 (2)规则使用窗口任务和昼夜指示任务之间相关显著，且其高相关在排除年龄的影响后仍保持显著。执行功能中的抑制控制和工作记忆可能是二者间的共同的成分。 (3)中性条件和积极条件之间差异不显著，“抵制诱惑”需要并非造成窗口任务困难的原因，也就是说儿童之所以失败，不是因为无法抑制指示奖品的优势反应，可能是由于无法抑制物体真实位置的优势表征与任务要求之间的冲突。 (4)消极条件和中性条件及积极条件之间成绩差异均不显著。情绪因素无法影响指示物体真实位置的优势反应，指示物体真实位置对3岁儿童来说是一个强势反应，，也是造成窗口任务困难的本质原因。
[Abstract]:Existing studies have shown that preschool children have difficulties in window tasks, and many studies suggest that the difficulties are caused by children's inability to suppress the dominant response to indicating prizes. In this paper, the executive function task is divided into rule use task and rule induction task, and the suppression control in window task is divided into resisting temptation and restraining conflict. This paper discusses the essential reasons for the difficulty of window task as a rule induction function task. This study includes three experiments. Experiment 1 adopts standard window task and rule use window task which is needed to remove rule induction. And two different response forms of day and night tasks, to explore whether induction of rules affects the performance of 3-year-old children in window tasks. Whether the window task and the day and night task have the common executive function component. Experiment 2 needs to construct neutral condition and positive condition by removing the rule of "resist temptation" in window task. Study on the effect of "resisting temptation" on children's achievement. Experiment 3, by adding negative factors on the basis of removing temptation, placing objects of children's avoidance instructions in real place, constitutes a negative condition. Further study on the role of "conflict suppression" in window tasks. Under the conditions of this study, the following conclusions are drawn:. (1) Children's performance in regular window tasks is significantly better than that in standard window tasks. The inductive factors of rules may cause the difficulties of children aged 3 years in window tasks, but not the only reason for the difficulties. (2) the correlation between the window task and the diurnal indicator task is significant, and the high correlation is still significant after the age is excluded. The inhibition control and working memory in the executive function may be the common components of the two tasks. (3) there is no significant difference between neutral and positive conditions, and the need to "resist temptation" is not the reason why window tasks are difficult, that is to say, the failure of children is not due to the inability to suppress the superior reaction of indicating prizes. This may be due to the inability to suppress the conflict between the advantage representation of the object's real location and the requirements of the task. (4) there was no significant difference between negative condition and neutral condition and positive condition. Emotional factors could not influence the dominant reaction of indicating object's real position, and indicating object's real position was a strong response to 3-year-old children. It is also the essential reason why window task is difficult.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610

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