3～6岁幼儿静态平衡能力特征及粗大动作发展水平研究

发布时间：2018-03-14 06:10

本文选题：幼儿　切入点：静态平衡能力　出处：《中国运动医学杂志》2014年07期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：目的:探讨3~6岁幼儿静态平衡能力特征及粗大动作发展水平。方法:采用Tecscan足底压力测试系统,对3岁组(3周岁以上,4周岁以下)、4岁组(4周岁以上,5周岁以下)和5岁组(5周岁以上,6周岁以下)共60名幼儿进行双脚睁眼、双脚闭眼和单脚睁眼站立测试。选取压力中心(COP)包络面积、压力中心轨迹长度、压力中心在前-后和左-右方向上的最大位移值为评估幼儿静态平衡能力的指标;采用粗大动作发展测试(TGMD-2)对受试进行移动性动作和控制性动作测试,评估幼儿粗大动作发展水平。比较不同年龄、不同性别幼儿静态平衡能力、粗大动作发展水平特点,并探讨二者的相关性。结果:幼儿静态平衡各项指标的数值都呈现逐年下降的趋势,随着年龄的增加,幼儿的稳定性显著提高;除4岁组与5岁组间的移动性动作指标,粗大动作发展的其他指标都出现了年龄组间非常显著的差异(P0.01)。幼儿粗大动作发展水平和静态平衡能力均未见显著性别差异,男童粗大动作得分略高于女童,而女童表现出姿势晃动小于男童的趋势;幼儿平衡能力与动作发展水平、年龄存在非常显著的正相关关系(P0.01),与体质指数无显著的相关关系。结论:幼儿的感觉系统成熟较早。幼儿去除视觉时身体晃动与有视觉参与时的差异不显著,可能与其注意力分配有关。随着年龄增加,幼儿粗大动作发展水平和静态平衡能力都不断提高,但尚未出现显著的性别差异。平衡能力是幼儿动作学习与发展的基础,3~6岁幼儿处于动作发展的关键时期,此幼儿阶段应注重选择适宜的手段促进其平衡能力的发展。
[Abstract]:Objective: to explore the characteristics of static balance ability and the development level of coarse movement in children aged 3 to 6 years. Methods: Tecscan plantar pressure test system was used. A total of 60 children aged above 3 years old and below 4 years of age and under 5 years of age and 5 years of age and 5 years of age were given eyes with their feet open. The pressure center envelope area, the length of the pressure center track, the maximum displacement of the pressure center in the front-rear and left-right directions were selected to evaluate the children's static balance ability. Using TGMD-2) to test the movement and control movements of the subjects, to evaluate the development level of the children's coarse movements. The characteristics of the children's static balance ability and the development level of the coarse movements were compared between different ages and different genders. Results: the values of each index of static balance of young children showed a decreasing trend year by year, and the stability of children increased significantly with the increase of age, except for the moving action index between the age group and the group of 5 years old. There were significant differences among age groups in other indicators of the development of coarse movements. There was no significant gender difference in the level of development and static balance of coarse movements in young children, and the scores of coarse movements in boys were slightly higher than those in girls. However, girls showed a tendency of posture sloshing less than boys, and children's balance ability and movement development level, There was a very significant positive correlation between age and body mass index (BMI). Conclusion: the sensory system of young children matured earlier. There was no significant difference between body sloshing and visual participation. It may be related to the distribution of attention. As children get older, their level of development of coarse movements and their ability to balance statically are improved. However, there is no significant gender difference. Balance ability is the foundation of children's movement learning and development. Children aged 3 to 6 years old are in the critical period of action development. In this stage, attention should be paid to choosing appropriate means to promote the development of their balance ability.
【作者单位】：北京师范大学体育与运动学院;首都师范大学学前教育学院;
【基金】：教育部人文社科研究项目,批准号:11YJ880037
【分类号】：G613.7

【参考文献】