论回归童年的儿童教育

发布时间：2018-03-15 13:02

本文选题：童年　切入点：儿童世界　出处：《南京师范大学》2008年博士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】： 童年,在个体的生命历程中一去而不可复返,却在心灵深处凝结为一个纯洁无瑕的梦。儿童置身于自己的世界,奔腾跳跃、嬉戏打闹,永远一副天真活泼、快乐无忧的模样。然而,当前童年却处于即将消逝的危机之中。这种危机促使我们研究童年及儿童教育问题。童年是什么?童年怎样产生?童年为何存在?这一连串的追问引导我们去思索童年的起源和价值问题。基于人类学各有关学科的跨学科视野,利用发生学方法,本研究从人类的进化过程中去考察童年的起源,确认童年的价值,从而认定童年是一种人类学现象,它具有生物适应和文化适应的双重价值,也为教育的发生提供了前提。这意味着,童年不会消逝,也不能被逾越。童年不仅标示着年龄涵义,它实际上就是一个特别的世界。再者,儿童是独立于成人的存在,他们的本质不能由成人的本质推论而来。为了进一步揭示人类童年的本质,本研究利用现象学研究方法,在广泛考察人类童年体验的基础上,对儿童世界的特征重新做了解释。研究认为,儿童是生活着的生活者、游戏着的游戏者、学习着的学习者;而儿童世界,则是一个快乐、纯真的,由儿童生活、儿童游戏、儿童学习多维交叠而成的一个立体网络。童年正在消逝吗?童年危机在我们国家有何特殊表现?研究发现,我国当前童年危机的根本症结在于儿童被异化为“伪成人”,深层诱因在于社会竞争所导致的错位教育目的——“生存教育”,表层肌理则在于由“生存教育”所决定的不当教养方式——“课程化成长”。综合来看,正是“生存教育”导致了儿童的“课程化成长”,最终导致儿童被异化为伪成人。这就是我国当前童年危机的发生机制。如何解决我国当前的儿童教育问题?基于对童年的重新认识,以及对我国童年危机的了解,针对儿童教育背离童年的主要原因,为了使儿童教育向童年回归,本研究认为其基本立场就是要遵循儿童的发展规律,尊重儿童的生活方式、游戏方式和学习方式,充分地利用儿童身上的内在生长能力,促进儿童健全成长;其基本原则就是实现教育活动与生活活动、游戏活动和学习活动的融合。同时,针对“引导-割裂”式教学这个导致儿童教育背离童年的现实基础,本研究提出了一种“参与-交融”式教学,作为儿童教育向童年回归的可能途径。
[Abstract]:Childhood, in the course of individual life and not return, but in the depths of the soul condensed into a pure dream. Children in their own world, Pentium jump, play, always a naive and lively, Happiness is carefree. However, childhood is in the midst of an impending crisis, which prompts us to study childhood and child education. What was childhood? How did childhood come into being? Why did childhood exist? This series of questioning leads us to think about the origin and value of childhood. Based on the interdisciplinary perspective of anthropology and the use of genetic methods, this study examines the origin of childhood in the course of human evolution. By confirming the value of childhood, we can conclude that childhood is an anthropological phenomenon, which has the dual value of biological adaptation and cultural adaptation, and also provides the premise for the occurrence of education. Childhood not only signifies the meaning of age, it is actually a special world. Moreover, children are independent of adults, and their essence cannot be deduced from the nature of adults. In order to further reveal the nature of human childhood, Based on the extensive investigation of human childhood experience, this study reinterprets the characteristics of the children's world by means of phenomenological research. The study holds that children are living, playing and learning. And the world of children, is a happy, pure, children's life, children's games, children's learning multi-dimensional overlapping network. Is childhood dying? What is the special manifestation of childhood crisis in our country? The study found that, The fundamental crux of our country's current childhood crisis lies in the alienation of children into "pseudo-adults", the deep inducement lies in the misplaced educational purpose-"survival education" caused by social competition, and the surface texture is determined by "survival education". Improper upbringing-"curricular growth". Taken together, It is "survival education" that leads to the "curriculum growth" of children, which eventually leads to the alienation of children into pseudo-adults, which is the mechanism of childhood crisis in China. How to solve the current problems of children's education in China? Based on the new understanding of childhood and the understanding of childhood crisis in China, in view of the main reasons that children education deviates from childhood, in order to make children education return to childhood, this study holds that its basic position is to follow the law of children's development. Respecting the way of life, play and learning of the child, making full use of the inherent developmental abilities of the child, and promoting the sound development of the child, the fundamental principle of which is the realization of educational and life activities, The combination of game activities and learning activities. At the same time, in view of the "leading-split" teaching, which causes children's education to deviate from the reality of childhood, this study puts forward a kind of "participation-blending" teaching. As a possible way for children's education to return to childhood.
【学位授予单位】：南京师范大学
【学位级别】：博士
【学位授予年份】：2008
【分类号】：G610

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