不同任务情境中5-6岁幼儿卡通面孔加工的眼动研究

发布时间：2018-04-27 08:10

本文选题：幼儿 + 卡通面孔　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：面孔作为人们日常生活中最常接触的一类刺激符号,附带着性别、年龄、情绪状态以及人格特征等信息,在人们的社会交往中扮演着重要角色,因而快速准确的面孔认知对于处在人类社会中的每个个体来说是一项具有重要意义的能力。相对于成人来说,卡通形象在幼儿的世界中同样占据着重要地位。而卡通面孔作为卡通形象的核心要素,也吸引研究者展开了大量的探索,但多集中于形象设计以及角色吸引力等方面,对其加工机制的研究还相对较少。本研究以真实卡通片中的卡通面孔图片为刺激材料,赋予5-6岁幼儿三种不同的加工任务,分别在前三个分实验中探讨：实验一卡通面孔识别,要求幼儿判断一张卡通图片是否是面孔,考察面孔与非面孔对幼儿面孔加工的眼动影响；实验二卡通面孔分类,要求幼儿分辨一张卡通面孔是人物还是动物,考察人类面孔与动物面孔对幼儿面孔加工的眼动影响；实验三卡通面孔吸引力评价,要求幼儿对是否喜欢某张卡通面孔做出选择,考察高吸引力与低吸引力面孔对幼儿面孔加工的眼动影响。从幼儿认知的发展水平来看,任务‘涉及面孔整体结构的早期认知,最为简单；任务二需要进行更进一步的面孔特征分析,是在面孔整体识别的基础上的,难度更大；任务三需要对面孔五官的空间特征比例、面孔重要部件的精细特征等进行综合分析才能做出最终评价,故难度最高。可见,三种任务的难度依次加大意味着在这三项任务当中,幼儿需要调用的心理资源逐步增加,可能牵涉到加工速度、加工深度、注意广度以及心理活动的复杂程度等中的某一项或几项。因此,在三个分实验的基础上,以任务难度为切入点进行了综合分析,旨在比较幼儿在不同难度的任务情境中对卡通面孔的眼动加工特征。结果表明： 1.幼儿在辨别卡通面孔与非面孔时,对于卡通面孔的识别在绩效和眼动指标等方面表现出优势。 2.幼儿在辨别卡通人物和动物面孔时,前者具有优势,后者则表现出作为新异刺激的特征,即加工速度更慢、程度更深、难度更大。 3.幼儿在评价卡通面孔的吸引力水平时,对于卡通人物面孔而言,幼儿表现出对高吸引力面孔的偏爱,在卡通动物面孔中则不存在。同时,对于缺乏吸引力的人物面孔,幼儿也表现出回避倾向。 4.任务情境会影响幼儿对卡通面孔的加工。随着三种任务难度的逐渐加大,幼儿的加工程度也相应地加深。 5.幼儿在三种任务中的加工方式一致,对面部不同部位的关注程度不同：加工初期特别关注鼻子,而后眼睛部位耗费最多的心理资源,其次是鼻子、嘴巴、前额和脸颊,极少关注下巴。 6.男女童在卡通面孔分类任务中表现出较显著的性别差异,女童具有速度方面的优势,而男童对于关键信息的搜索则更为积极主动。
[Abstract]:As one of the most common stimuli in people's daily life, face plays an important role in social interaction with information of gender, age, emotional state and personality. Therefore, rapid and accurate face recognition is a significant ability for every individual in human society. Compared to adults, cartoon characters also occupy an important position in the world of young children. Cartoon faces as the core elements of cartoon images also attract a lot of researchers to explore but mostly focused on the image design and character attraction and so on the research on its processing mechanism is relatively small. In this study, cartoon face images in real cartoon films were used as stimulus materials, and children aged 5 to 6 were given three different processing tasks. Children were asked to judge whether a cartoon image was a face, to investigate the eye movement effect of face and non-face on the processing of children's faces; experiment two was to classify cartoon faces to tell whether a cartoon face was a character or an animal. To investigate the effects of human and animal faces on the eye movements of children's faces, and to evaluate the attractiveness of cartoon faces in experiment three, children were asked to choose whether they liked a cartoon face or not. To investigate the effect of high and low attractive faces on the eye movement of young children's face processing. From the developmental level of children's cognition, the task 'involves the early cognition of the overall structure of the face, which is the simplest, and task two needs further analysis of the facial features, which is based on the recognition of the whole face and is more difficult. Task three needs comprehensive analysis of the proportion of spatial features of facial features and fine features of important parts of faces in order to make the final evaluation, so it is the most difficult. It can be seen that the difficulty of the three tasks increases in turn, which means that among these three tasks, the psychological resources that young children need to transfer may gradually increase, which may involve processing speed and processing depth. One or more of the breadth of attention and the complexity of mental activity. Therefore, on the basis of three sub-experiments, this paper makes a comprehensive analysis with task difficulty as the starting point, in order to compare the eye movement processing characteristics of cartoon faces in different task situations. The results show that: 1. When children distinguish cartoon face from non-face, the recognition of cartoon face shows advantages in performance and eye movement index. 2. When children distinguish cartoon characters from animal faces, the former has advantages, while the latter shows the characteristics of new and different stimuli, that is, the processing speed is slower, the degree is deeper, and the difficulty is greater. 3. In evaluating the attractiveness level of cartoon faces, toddlers show a preference for highly attractive faces, but they do not exist in cartoon animal faces. At the same time, for the lack of attractiveness of the character faces, children also showed a tendency to avoid. 4. Task situation will affect toddler's processing of cartoon face. With the gradual increase of the difficulty of the three tasks, the processing degree of young children is deepened accordingly. 5. Toddlers have the same way of processing in the three tasks and pay different attention to different parts of the face: at the beginning of processing, they pay special attention to the nose, and then to the eye, which consumes the most psychological resources, followed by the nose, mouth, forehead and cheek. Pay little attention to your chin. 6. Boys and girls showed significant gender differences in the task of classifying cartoon faces. Girls had the advantage of speed, while boys were more active in searching for key information.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G610

【参考文献】