日本学前教育的新构想

发布时间：2018-04-27 07:35

本文选题：日本学前教育 + 幼稚园　；参考：《学前教育研究》2012年08期

【摘要】：长期以来,日本的学前教育主要是由具备不同职能的保育所和幼稚园来承担。两者最大的区别在于保育所是由厚生劳动省管辖的儿童福利机构,主要负责为有工作的监护人托管照顾幼儿;幼稚园则是由文部科学省管辖的学前教育机构,主要对幼儿进行学前教育。针对这样一种不合理的管理方式,日本社会一直以来都存有争议,要求行政一体化、设施一体化的改革呼声也此起彼伏。1980年代后半期至1990年代前半期出现了向行政一体化和设施一体化的转化契机。这一契机出现的原因一是出生率的下降,二是适龄待入保育所的儿童数量的增加。日本政府为此出台了相应的政策和措施,但是由于多方面的原因,特别是在当今日本政局不稳定的背景之下,其实施起来还具有一定的难度。本文对保育所和幼稚园的历史发展脉络进行了梳理,对日本学前教育制度改革的两个转化契机进行了阐释,并以此为基础,描述了幼保一体化的动向以及综合设施(暂称)创办的历程、具体构想及其希望达到的目标,并对综合设施(暂称)的组织结构与具体制度进行了阐述。
[Abstract]:For a long time, preschool education in Japan was mainly undertaken by nurseries and kindergartens with different functions. The biggest difference between the two is that childcare centres are child welfare institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, which are mainly responsible for the care of young children by working guardians, and kindergartens are pre-school institutions under the jurisdiction of the Ministry of Education and Science. Preschool education is mainly carried out for young children. In view of such an unreasonable management method, Japanese society has always been controversial, demanding administrative integration. The reform voice of facility integration is also rising one after another. From the second half of the 1980s to the first half of the 1990s, there is a turning point to transform to the administrative integration and the facility integration. The reason for this opportunity is a drop in the birth rate and an increase in the number of children of appropriate age in childcare. The Japanese government has issued corresponding policies and measures for this purpose, but it is still difficult to implement due to various reasons, especially under the background of political instability in Japan today. This paper combs the historical development of nurseries and kindergartens, explains the two turning points of the reform of Japanese preschool education system, and takes this as the basis. This paper describes the trend of the integration of child insurance, the course of the establishment of the comprehensive facilities, the concrete conception and the desired objectives, and expounds the organizational structure and the concrete system of the comprehensive facilities.
【作者单位】：日本大阪综合保育大学;首都师范大学教育学院;日本同志社大学社会学部;
【分类号】：G619.313

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