英国近20年学前教育政策中的家庭视角解析

发布时间：2018-05-13 07:04

本文选题：学前教育政策 + 家庭视角　；参考：《学前教育研究》2017年06期

【摘要】：近20年来,英国政府依据人力资本理论,将家庭视为重要的社会资产,并在学前教育政策中体现了对家庭的重视和支持。首先,英国政府通过提高家庭对学前教育和儿童保育的支付能力,竭力帮助家长实现工作与家庭生活的平衡;其次,依托于确保开端儿童中心,为包括贫困家庭在内的所有家庭提供广泛的综合服务;再次,通过推行税收抵免等相关福利制度,尽力分担家庭的育儿成本;最后,通过改善贫困儿童的家庭境遇、加强早期干预等方式精准扶持贫困儿童及其家庭。同时,英国此种"家庭支持"取向的学前教育政策近年来也面临着一些问题和挑战,如后续经费供给不足,致使儿童中心等家庭服务项目遭遇发展瓶颈;贫富悬殊的裂痕很难弥合,贫困儿童及其家庭迫切需要政府加大扶持力度等。今后,英国政府应进一步提升早教质量,最大限度地提高"家庭支持"取向学前教育投入的收益;将有限的经费优先分配给贫困儿童及其家庭,并进一步加强"上游干预";继续推行"准市场机制",扩大早期教育供给,为幼儿和家庭提供更多的选择机会。我国的生育政策和延迟退休政策或将使一部分幼儿家长在平衡工作与家庭生活时面临更多挑战,与此同时伴随城镇化进程,劳务输出大省学龄前留守儿童的规模和比重将持续增加,长期亲子分离的不利境遇使他们的成长面临多重隐患。鉴于此,将家庭视角纳入我国学前教育政策显得十分迫切。我国学前教育政策可以在三个方面着力体现对儿童及其家庭的重视和支持:一是提高学前教育公共服务的普惠性程度,切实降低家庭的育儿成本,减轻家庭的育儿负担;二是将建立0~3岁婴幼儿照料服务体系纳入政府的政策议程;三是坚持"济困优先"原则,为处境不利儿童及其家庭提供精准扶持。
[Abstract]:In the past 20 years, the British government regarded the family as an important social asset according to the theory of human capital, and reflected the importance and support of the family in the pre-school education policy. First, the British Government is doing its utmost to help parents achieve a work-family balance by improving their families' ability to pay for pre-school education and childcare; and, second, by ensuring that the start Children's Centre is in place. Providing a wide range of integrated services for all families, including poor families; thirdly, making every effort to share the child-care costs of families through the introduction of related welfare systems, such as tax credits; and finally, by improving the situation of children living in poverty, Strengthen early intervention and other ways to support poor children and their families. At the same time, this kind of "family support" orientation preschool education policy in Britain also faces some problems and challenges in recent years, such as insufficient supply of follow-up funds, resulting in a bottleneck in the development of family services such as children's centres; The gap between the rich and the poor is hard to bridge. Poor children and their families urgently need more support from the government. In the future, the British Government should further improve the quality of early education, maximize the return of "family support" oriented pre-school education, and give priority to the allocation of limited funds to poor children and their families. And further strengthen "upstream intervention", continue to promote "quasi-market mechanism", expand the supply of early education, and provide more choices for young children and families. Our fertility policy and delayed retirement policy may increase the challenges faced by some parents of young children in balancing work and family life, while at the same time accompanying the urbanization process. The scale and proportion of preschool left-behind children in large labor export provinces will continue to increase, and the adverse circumstances of long-term separation of parents and children will make their growth face many hidden dangers. In view of this, the family perspective into our preschool education policy is very urgent. The policy of preschool education in our country can embody the importance and support to children and their families in three aspects: first, to improve the inclusive degree of public services of preschool education, to reduce the cost of childcare and to lighten the burden of childcare of families; Second, the establishment of a care service system for 3-year-olds should be included in the government's policy agenda; third, the principle of "giving priority to poverty relief" should be adhered to provide precise support for disadvantaged children and their families.
【作者单位】：辽宁师范大学田家炳教育书院暨教育学院;
【基金】：国家社科基金“十二五”规划2015年度教育学一般课题“公益普惠目标定位下我国民办学前教育发展对策研究”(编号:BHA150081)
【分类号】：G619.561

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