英国布莱尔政府学前教育政策—“确保开端”项目

发布时间：2018-05-19 18:51

本文选题：确保开端 + 最好开端　；参考：《东北师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：英国首相托尼布莱尔执政期间（1997～2007)，英国政府先后出台了多项针对学前教育改革的政策和法案，目的是为所有儿童提供高质量的学前教育、儿童保育，给每个儿童的发展提供一个良好的开端，以此影响其一生发展，打破贫穷和失业代代相传怪圈，初步实现建立一个平等公正的新型福利国家的目标。其中两个学前教育改革政策“确保开端”项目（Sure Start）、“最好开端”项目（Choice for parents，the best startfor children：a ten year strategy for childcare）极大的推动了英国学前教育的发展。 “确保开端”项目由英国政府、英国财政部主导，1998年起最先在英格兰地区实施的一项学前教育政策。目的是“尽可能给儿童一个最好的生命开端”，，主要是通过以下四个途径来实现：儿童保育、早期教育、儿童健康、家庭支持，并注重于扩大服务范围和地区发展。“确保开端”项目最初的服务对象是服务于未出生的胎儿到4岁大的儿童及其家庭，但是后来服务对象的年龄延长到14岁的正常儿童、16岁的残疾儿童。英国政府总结自身及世界各国学前教育的经验，发现成就与不足。为了适应21世纪，在2004年提出了“最好开端”项目，Choice for Parents，the Best Start forChildren：A Ten Year Strategy for Childcare是该政策官方文件，2004年12月由英国财政部、教育与技能部和劳动养老金部联合发布。此项目有两个目的，一是：确保每个英国儿童都能获得最好的生命开端。二是：为家长提供更多的机会来平衡工作和家庭生活之间的关系。本文共分四章来对“确保开端”项目进行研究：第一章是“确保开端”项目出台的背景，从英国现实社会条件和理论基础两方面分析了项目出台的背景。第二章是分两个时期对“确保开端”项目的基本主张、出台背景和具体内容做详细的阐述，两个时期分别是“确保开端”项目（1998）、“最好开端”项目（2004）。第三章是“确保开端”项目国家评估（NESS， National Evaluation of SureStart），阐述了NESS评估的方法、内容。第四章是“确保开端”项目的影响和特色分析。
[Abstract]:British Prime Minister Tony Blair was in power in 1997 and 2007. The British government has successively introduced a number of policies and bills aimed at the reform of pre-school education, with the aim of providing all children with high-quality pre-school education and child care. To provide a good beginning for the development of every child in order to influence his or her development throughout his life, break the cycle of poverty and unemployment from generation to generation, and initially achieve the goal of establishing a new welfare state of equality and justice. Two of the pre-school reform policies "ensure a start" project, the "best start" program Choice for parentsand the best startfor children:a ten year strategy for childcare), have greatly contributed to the development of pre-school education in the UK. The "ensure a start" programme, led by the British Government and the Treasury, was the first pre-school policy to be implemented in England since 1998. The aim is to "give children the best possible start in life", mainly through four ways: child care, early education, child health, family support, and focus on expanding the range of services and regional development. The "ensure start" program initially served unborn fetuses to 4-year-olds and their families, but later extended to 14-year-old normal children and 16-year-old disabled children. The British Government sums up its own experience and the experience of preschool education around the world, and finds achievements and shortcomings. In order to adapt to the 21st century, a "best start" project was proposed in 2004, Choice for parents / the Best Start forChildren:A Ten Year Strategy for Childcare is the official document of the policy, which was jointly released in December 2004 by the Treasury, the Department of Education and skills and the Department of Labour and Pensions. The project has two objectives: to ensure that every British child gets the best start in life. Second, provide more opportunities for parents to balance the relationship between work and family life. This paper is divided into four chapters to study the "ensuring a beginning" project: The first chapter is the background of "ensuring a beginning" project, from the UK social conditions and theoretical basis to analyze the background of the introduction of the project. The second chapter is divided into two periods to "ensure the beginning" project of the basic idea, the introduction of the background and specific content of the detailed elaboration, the two periods are "ensure the beginning" project 1998 / 98, "the best start" project 2004 / 4. The third chapter is the "ensure start" project country assessment, National Evaluation of launch, describes the method and content of NESS evaluation. The fourth chapter is the analysis of the impact and characteristics of the "ensuring a beginning" project.
【学位授予单位】：东北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G619.561

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