幼儿同伴交往生活缺失的文化视角分析

发布时间：2018-08-22 11:59

【摘要】： 同伴交往在幼儿发展中起着至关重要的作用。研究表明,良好的同伴关系对幼儿认知、情感和社会性发展都有积极的影响。但是,由于后天环境的影响使一些幼儿没有形成良好的同伴关系,缺乏必要的交往技能,没有同情心,不会分享和合作,甚至缺乏交往的积极性和热情。总之,这些情况已经严重的影响到了幼儿的社会性发展,乃至整个身心的健康发展。笔者认为造成这一现状的原因就是幼儿同伴交往生活的缺失。哈特普(Hrtup.W.W,1990)的研究早已指出“没有与同伴平等交往的机会,幼儿将不能学习有效的同伴交往技能。”①因此,分析造成幼儿同伴交往生活缺失的原因就成为解决问题的关键。幼儿同伴交往的相关问题已有大量研究进行了探讨,分析交往问题成因的文章也不少,已有研究有很大的理论学习和实践借鉴价值。但是从文化的视角进行分析的文章还不多见,本文就以文化作为切入点进行研究。从文化所包括的精神、制度和物质三个层面去思考,找到每个层面上最具代表性的特质,也就是对幼儿同伴交往影响最大的因素,即从中国传统家庭精神文化、幼儿园制度文化和现代物质文化这三个角度去探讨幼儿同伴交往生活的缺失。首先,我国传统的精神文化有成人主宰儿童发展的习惯,那就是传统家庭文化的高度控制。这种高度控制以各种方式影响着幼儿,进而导致了幼儿同伴交往生活的缺失。主要表现为“孝”和“忠”为核心的家族化价值取向,“学而优则仕”的家庭教育取向,过度保护的教养方式,使幼儿丧失了属于自己的生活世界,缺失了与同伴交往的机会。其次,幼儿园的制度文化也限制了幼儿的
[Abstract]:Peer interaction plays an important role in the development of young children. Good peer relationships have positive effects on children's cognitive, emotional and social development. However, due to the influence of acquired environment, some children do not form good peer relationship, lack necessary communication skills, do not have sympathy, do not share and cooperate, and even lack enthusiasm and enthusiasm for communication. In short, these conditions have seriously affected the social development of young children, and even the healthy development of the whole body and mind. The author believes that the reason for this situation is the lack of children's peer contact life. It has been pointed out by Hrtup.W.Win1990 that "without equal opportunities to interact with peers, young children will not be able to learn effective peer communication skills." 1 therefore, analyzing the causes of lack of peer contact life is the key to solve the problem. A large number of researches have been carried out on the related problems of children's peer contact, and many articles have been devoted to analyzing the causes of the problems, which have great theoretical and practical value for reference. However, there are few articles to analyze from the perspective of culture. Think from the spirit, system and material aspects of culture, find out the most representative characteristics of each level, that is, the most influential factor to the children's peer contact, that is, from the Chinese traditional family spiritual culture, Kindergarten system culture and modern material culture are three angles to explore the lack of children's peer contact life. First of all, Chinese traditional spiritual culture has the habit of adult dominating the development of children, that is, the high control of traditional family culture. This high degree of control affects children in various ways, which leads to the lack of children's peer contact life. It mainly shows the family-oriented value orientation of "filial piety" and "loyalty" as the core, the family education orientation of "learning and being superior" and the way of overprotection of upbringing, which makes children lose their own life world and lack the opportunity to communicate with their peers. Secondly, the institutional culture of kindergarten also limits the children's
【学位授予单位】：四川师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2006
【分类号】：G612

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