4～5岁儿童推理新颖单词的灵活性归纳问题
发布时间：2019-05-26 22:32
【摘要】： 灵活性归纳是对变化的问题或然性推论的适应，是对灵活性和归纳能力的探究。比如，在幼儿的教育中，教师经常会要求儿童根据不同的规则进行分类。例如，，首先要求儿童依据物体功能来分类，然后要求儿童依据物体颜色来分类，最后还要求儿童依据对物体形状来分类。这些活动要求儿童能够将同一物体依据不同标准归纳到不同的类别上，这就要求儿童能够在不同的分类规则之间进行灵活转换。显而易见，此种能力对于人类适应不断变化的问题是十分重要的。 本研究采用新颖单词意义的灵活性归纳(Flexible induction of meaning，FIM)的研究方法，力图揭示幼儿在较复杂的认知任务中其认知灵活性的发展概况。在新颖单词意义的灵活性归纳中，所涉及的都是被赋予了新颖单词的新颖生物，每个刺激对于儿童来说都是较复杂的，以便控制儿童先前经验的影响，探测其接触新颖事物的能力。在这个任务中，还包含了幼儿期重要的一个认知因素……语言，幼儿要想获得成功，就要忽视不断变化的图片中其他的具体信息，归纳总结出谓语动词的变化是解决问题的核心。 本论文一共包含了4个实验，实验一以年龄、规则水平作为自变量，以幼儿灵活转换作为因变量，同时，操作了语言在此任务中的作用，结果显示了年龄、规则水平的显著作用，以及两者之间显著的交互作用。语言在幼儿灵活性归纳中也起了重要作用。实验二根据实验一的结果而采用了混合规则的变量，结果显示出并不是同一规则的连续六次运用使得儿童出现了持续性错误，而更可能归因于因为规则水平不同而产生了不同的规则难度以及规则顺序的效应。实验三为了探究不同顺序是否对结果产生影响，安排了顺序、年龄、规则水平为自变量，结果显示出顺序、年龄、规则水平的显著作用，以及年龄与规则水平、顺序与规则水平之间的交互作用。实验四主要是为了控制规则难度而设计的，并且再次证明了规则难度确实影响了儿童的操作。 通过4个实验结果，我们最后得出了这样的结论： 1．语言因素的影响 语言在推论新颖单词意义的灵活性归纳问题上有重要的作用。语言能力高的儿童更易于做出灵活性归纳。 2．规则难度的影响 规则难度影响了儿童的灵活归纳，特别是针对较年幼儿童。难度越大，较年幼儿童就越不容易理解。而且，当一个规则的难度对于儿童是特别容易理解的以及特别突出的时候，就更容易使得儿童在这个规则上形成优势反应，而难以抑制。 3．顺序的影响 不同顺序下也会导致儿童有不同的表现。当顺序由较难规则转换到较易规则时比相反情况下会有更好的成绩。 4．年龄因素的影响 年龄有显著效应。4岁组儿童还没有掌握此灵活性归纳问题，4.5岁组儿童已经有了较大的进步，5岁组儿童已经基本掌握了这个任务，4.5~5岁是掌握灵活性归纳问题的关键期。
[Abstract]:The flexibility induction is the adaptation to the problem of change or the contingency, and is the inquiry into the flexibility and the inductive ability. For example, in early childhood education, teachers often demand that children be classified according to different rules. For example, first, a child is required to classify according to the function of the object, and then the child is required to be classified according to the object color, and finally, the child is required to be classified according to the shape of the object. These activities require children to be able to take the same object on different categories based on different criteria, which requires that children be able to make a flexible transition between different classification rules. It is clear that such a capability is important to the changing problem of human adaptation. In this study, a novel approach to the flexibility of the meaning of the word (FIM) is used to reveal the flexibility of the child in the more complex cognitive tasks. An overview of the development of sex. In a novel sense of the flexibility of the word meaning, all involved are novel creatures that are endowed with novel words, each of which is more complex to the child in order to control the impact of the child's previous experience and to detect its contact with the new one. The ability to act. In this task, it also includes early childhood. A cognitive factor. The language, the child wants to succeed, it is about to ignore the other specific information in the constantly changing picture, and concludes that the change of the predicate verb is the solution The core of the question is that four experiments are included in this paper. The experiment is based on the age and the rule level as the independent variable, and the children's flexible conversion is used as the dependent variable. At the same time, the function of the language in this task is also operated. The results show that has the remarkable effect of the age and the rule level, And a significant interaction between the two. The experiment 2 uses the variable of the mixed rule according to the result of the experiment, and the result shows that it is not the same rule for six consecutive times. with persistent errors in children, and more likely to be attributed to the different levels of the rules In order to explore whether the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level are the independent variables, the results show the effect of the order, the age and the rule level, as well as the age and the rule level, the order, the age and the rule level as the independent variables. The interaction between the order and the rule level. The experimental four are designed to control the difficulty of the rules and again prove the rules. The difficulty does affect the operation of the child. Four experimental results, I'm Finally, the conclusion is drawn:1. The shadow of the language factor The Significance of the Sound of the Sound in the Inference of the New Word on the flexibility of the problem There is an important role. Children with high language skills are more likely to make more flexible induction. 2. The effect of the difficulty of the rules The difficulty of the rules affects the flexible induction of children, especially for younger children. The more difficult it is, the more difficult the younger children are to understand. And, when a rule is difficult, in particular for children, It's easier to understand, and when it's special, it's more. It is easy for children to form an advantage reaction on this rule, and it is difficult to suppress them. 3. Effect of sequence Children have different performance in different orders. When the order is changed by more difficult rules to easier rules, there will be better results in the opposite case.4. The influence age of age factors is significant.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610
本文编号：2485685
[Abstract]:The flexibility induction is the adaptation to the problem of change or the contingency, and is the inquiry into the flexibility and the inductive ability. For example, in early childhood education, teachers often demand that children be classified according to different rules. For example, first, a child is required to classify according to the function of the object, and then the child is required to be classified according to the object color, and finally, the child is required to be classified according to the shape of the object. These activities require children to be able to take the same object on different categories based on different criteria, which requires that children be able to make a flexible transition between different classification rules. It is clear that such a capability is important to the changing problem of human adaptation. In this study, a novel approach to the flexibility of the meaning of the word (FIM) is used to reveal the flexibility of the child in the more complex cognitive tasks. An overview of the development of sex. In a novel sense of the flexibility of the word meaning, all involved are novel creatures that are endowed with novel words, each of which is more complex to the child in order to control the impact of the child's previous experience and to detect its contact with the new one. The ability to act. In this task, it also includes early childhood. A cognitive factor. The language, the child wants to succeed, it is about to ignore the other specific information in the constantly changing picture, and concludes that the change of the predicate verb is the solution The core of the question is that four experiments are included in this paper. The experiment is based on the age and the rule level as the independent variable, and the children's flexible conversion is used as the dependent variable. At the same time, the function of the language in this task is also operated. The results show that has the remarkable effect of the age and the rule level, And a significant interaction between the two. The experiment 2 uses the variable of the mixed rule according to the result of the experiment, and the result shows that it is not the same rule for six consecutive times. with persistent errors in children, and more likely to be attributed to the different levels of the rules In order to explore whether the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level of the order, the age and the regular level are the independent variables, the results show the effect of the order, the age and the rule level, as well as the age and the rule level, the order, the age and the rule level as the independent variables. The interaction between the order and the rule level. The experimental four are designed to control the difficulty of the rules and again prove the rules. The difficulty does affect the operation of the child. Four experimental results, I'm Finally, the conclusion is drawn:1. The shadow of the language factor The Significance of the Sound of the Sound in the Inference of the New Word on the flexibility of the problem There is an important role. Children with high language skills are more likely to make more flexible induction. 2. The effect of the difficulty of the rules The difficulty of the rules affects the flexible induction of children, especially for younger children. The more difficult it is, the more difficult the younger children are to understand. And, when a rule is difficult, in particular for children, It's easier to understand, and when it's special, it's more. It is easy for children to form an advantage reaction on this rule, and it is difficult to suppress them. 3. Effect of sequence Children have different performance in different orders. When the order is changed by more difficult rules to easier rules, there will be better results in the opposite case.4. The influence age of age factors is significant.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2007
【分类号】：G610
【参考文献】
相关期刊论文 前7条
1 李红,王乃弋;论执行功能及其发展研究[J];心理科学;2004年02期
2 龚银清,李红,方美玲;规则顺序与规则类型对儿童规则推理的影响[J];心理科学;2005年06期
3 李红;王永芝;;幼儿认知灵活性的发展及其与言语能力的关系[J];心理科学;2006年06期
4 李红,郑持军,高雪梅;推理方向与规则维度对儿童因果推理的影响[J];心理学报;2004年05期
5 李富洪,李红,陈安涛,冯廷勇,高雪梅,张仲明,龙长权;物体颜色与质地相似度对幼儿归纳推理的影响[J];心理学报;2005年02期
6 龙长权;吴睿明;李红;陈安涛;冯廷勇;李富洪;;3.5~5.5岁儿童在知觉相似与概念冲突情形下的归纳推理[J];心理学报;2006年01期
7 王乃弋,李红,高山;评执行功能的问题解决理论[J];心理科学进展;2004年05期
本文编号：2485685
本文链接：https://www.wllwen.com/jiaoyulunwen/yejy/2485685.html
