中国古代艺徒制与英国现代学徒制的比较研究

发布时间：2018-01-23 13:57

本文关键词： 古代艺徒制现代学徒制共同点不同点启示　出处：《湖南师范大学》2012年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：在正式的职业学校产生之前,“言传身教”的学徒制逐渐成为知识、技术、文化传承的主要形式,它被被认为是最古老的职业教育形态,但它却拥有极其旺盛的生命力。18世纪下半叶,工业革命带来的机器化大生产使得学徒制被边缘化,职业学校教育逐渐取代了之前的学徒制。但是,职业学校容易重理论轻实践,产业界对它们的毕业生并不满意。20世纪以来,科技发展迅速、经济全球化步伐加快,国际竞争日益激烈,产业结构和职业结构都发生了很大的变化,社会对劳动者的素质和能力也有了更高的要求。在许多当代的西方发达国家,现代学徒制已经成为了它们新的职业教育战略选择。同时,与西方现代学徒制颇为类似的“工学结合”是我国改革职业教育的重要方向。它虽然取得了一定的成绩,但却遇到了很多问题,比如校企合作程度低,只是学校“一头热”,学生在实习中也经常被放任不管,工和学的结合仅仅停留在形式上。相关研究显示,艺徒制是中国古代职业教育中存续时间最为长久的一种学徒教育方式。直到二十世纪的五六十年代,我们的技工学校都保留着学徒制的一些优良传统。但是这些传统却没能很好的延续,我国的情况和西方国家的情况有什么不同?在我国今后的职业教育发展中,是否还能运用这样的人才培养方式呢?出于对学徒制在西方国家复兴的好奇以及对我国职业教育改革困境的思考,本研究选择了学徒制研究这一主题。鉴于中英两国在职业教育方面的相似之处：两国都重文轻术,不重视职业技术教育；两国职业教育的发展道路都很艰难；两国都在大力发展职业教育等,为了使研究更加细致,笔者以英国的现代学徒制和中国的古代艺徒制为对象,力图通过对二者进行分析比较,总结经验、教训,得出有益于推动我国职业教育改革的启示。本论文共分五章。第一章：绪论。首先介绍研究背景,为什么提出这个论题,以及文献综述、相关概念和研究方法。第二章：中国古代艺徒制的演变与特征。首先,对艺徒制的发展脉络进行了整理与总结。其次,对艺徒制的特征进行了分析与归纳,包括其实施过程中的特征与外部环境特征。第三章：英国现代学徒制的实施情况及特征。在对英国现代学徒制的实施概况进行分析的基础上,对它的特征作了概括、总结。第四章：中国古代艺徒制与英国现代学徒制的比较。首先,建立了两种学徒制的比较框架；其次,从背景、实施过程、管理机构及经费机制等各个层面对两种学徒制的异同点进行了比较分析。第五章：两种学徒制对建立中国现代学徒制的启示。通过对两种学徒制的比较,在总结其经验、教训的基础上,得出了有益于我国建立现代学徒制的启示：营造良好的外部环境；构建完善的内部发展标准。
[Abstract]:Before the formal vocational school came into being, the apprenticeship system of "speech and personal experience" gradually became the main form of knowledge, technology and cultural inheritance, and it was considered the oldest form of vocational education. But it has a very strong vitality. The second half of the 18th century, the industrial revolution brought about by the large-scale production of the apprenticeship system was marginalized, vocational school education gradually replaced the previous apprenticeship system. Vocational schools are easy to pay more attention to theory than practice. Since the 20th century, the industry is not satisfied with their graduates, the rapid development of science and technology, the accelerated pace of economic globalization, the increasingly fierce international competition. Great changes have taken place in the industrial structure and the professional structure, and the society has higher requirements for the quality and ability of the laborer. Modern apprenticeship has become their new strategic choice of vocational education. At the same time. The "combination of engineering and learning", which is quite similar to the modern apprenticeship system in the West, is an important direction in reforming vocational education in China. Although it has made some achievements, it has encountered many problems, such as the low level of cooperation between schools and enterprises. It's just that schools are "hot", and students are often left alone in practice. The combination of work and learning is just formal. Relevant research shows. The apprenticeship system was the most long-lasting method of apprenticeship education in ancient Chinese vocational education until the 1950s and 1960s in 20th century. Our technical schools have retained some fine traditions of apprenticeship, but these traditions have not been well maintained. What is the difference between the situation in our country and that in western countries? In the future development of vocational education in our country, can we still use this way of training talents? Out of curiosity about the revival of apprenticeship in western countries and thinking about the dilemma of vocational education reform in China. In view of the similarities between China and Britain in vocational education, both countries attach great importance to language and technology, and do not attach importance to vocational and technical education; The development of vocational education in both countries is very difficult; Both countries are vigorously developing vocational education, in order to make the study more detailed, the author takes the modern apprenticeship system in England and the ancient art apprenticeship system in China as the object, trying to analyze and compare the two systems, sum up the experience and lessons. Draw the enlightenment that is beneficial to promote our country vocational education reform. This thesis is divided into five chapters. Chapter one: introduction. First, introduce the research background, why this thesis is put forward, literature review, related concepts and research methods. The second chapter: the evolution and characteristics of the ancient Chinese artistry system. Firstly, the development of the artistry system is sorted out and summarized. Secondly, the characteristics of the artistry system are analyzed and summarized. Including the characteristics of its implementation process and the external environment characteristics. Chapter three: the implementation and characteristics of the modern apprenticeship system in England. On the basis of the analysis of the general situation of the implementation of the modern apprenticeship system in England, the author summarizes the characteristics of the modern apprenticeship system in England. Chapter 4th: the comparison between the ancient Chinese apprenticeship system and the modern English apprenticeship system. Firstly, the comparative framework of the two apprenticeship systems is established. Secondly, the similarities and differences of the two apprenticeship systems are compared from the background, the implementation process, the management organization and the funding mechanism. Chapter 5th: two kinds of apprenticeship system to establish the enlightenment of modern Chinese apprenticeship system. Through the comparison of the two apprenticeship systems, on the basis of summing up their experiences and lessons. The enlightenment of establishing the modern apprenticeship system in our country is obtained: creating a good external environment; Construct perfect internal development standard.
【学位授予单位】：湖南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G719.1

【引证文献】