津巴布韦职业技术教育的改革和挑战

发布时间：2018-06-05 18:08

本文选题：津巴布韦 + 职业技术教育　；参考：《浙江师范大学》2012年硕士论文

【摘要】：非洲职业技术教育是其教育体系的重要组成部分,是生产的社会化、企业化、商品化和现代化的重要支柱,与人类社会经济发展息息相关,由于当前社会和科学技术迅速发展,对劳动力素质的要求不断提高,教育是发展策略的一把钥匙,职业技术教育则是其中首要的钥匙,影响经济发展,有利于消除贫困,保护环境,提高生活质量,职业技术教育还为全民教育的实现提供了有力的支持,特别是为最迫切需要技术的发展中国家。相对于发达国家,发展中国家职业技术教育发展较晚,水平较低。独立后津巴布韦人力资源流失严重,经济发展所需要的技术人才严重不足；大量青年由于缺乏技术无法获得就业机会,而公立职业技术教育机构面临无法满足经济社会日益增长的培训需求,大量职业技术毕业生就业率低,辍学率高,职业技术教育机构教师流失严重等问题,津巴布韦职业技术教育需要进一步改革。本研究主要采取文献分析、历史研究等方法,以独立后津巴布韦职业技术教育改革措施为线索,分析职业技术教育仍然面临的问题与挑战,旨在清楚地叙述了津巴布韦职业技术教育发展历程,并试图对现有政策进行详细分析,虽然津巴布韦政府及其他部门为职业技术教育的发展制订了很多政策,但是由于工具与财政支持等的不足,这些政策并没有得到有力的实施,造成津巴布韦职业技术教育仍存在很多问题与挑战,包括财政不足、技术设备落后、教师流失严重、学生辍学率高、政府缺乏对职业技术教育有效的监管和评估能力、现存的职业技术教育远远落后于社会经济发展需要等。文章共包括五章内容。第一章绪论部分介绍研究意义与背景、国内外研究综述、以及职业技术教育概念界定,并介绍了论文书写的研究思路与研究方法；第二章详细介绍津巴布韦殖民前、殖民时期、独立初期、经济结构调整后的职业技术教育发展特点以及原因；第三章主要根据历年津巴布韦职业技术教育报告详细介绍独立后津巴布韦职业技术教育改革措施,包括完善政府管理体系,加强政府对职业技术教育质量的监管与评估；加强熟练技术教师的培训；加大教育财政有效投入；降低学生辍学率等,第四章论述津巴布韦职业技术教育发展取得的成效和仍然面临的问题,包括教育财政投入仍然不足；教师流失依然严重；学生注册率低、辍学率高；毕业生就业率低等。在第五章结论部分从津巴布韦职业技术发展现状、国际社会对津巴布韦援助方面入手,我国对非洲职业技术教育援助出发,简要提出对我国援助非洲职业技术教育的建议,并对整篇文章进行总结,分析创新之处与不足之处,提出进一步研究方向。
[Abstract]:Vocational and technical education in Africa is an important part of its educational system and an important pillar of socialization, enterprise, commercialization and modernization of production, which is closely related to the economic development of human society, because of the rapid development of society and science and technology. Education is a key to development strategy, and vocational and technical education is the primary key, which affects economic development and is conducive to eradicating poverty, protecting the environment, and improving the quality of life. Vocational and technical education also provides strong support for the realization of education for all, especially for developing countries that most urgently need technology. Compared with developed countries, vocational and technical education in developing countries developed late and the level was low. After independence, Zimbabwe suffered a serious loss of human resources, a serious shortage of skilled personnel for economic development, and a large number of young people who were unable to obtain employment due to lack of skills, However, public vocational and technical education institutions are facing problems such as being unable to meet the growing training needs of the economy and society, the low employment rate of a large number of vocational and technical graduates, the high dropout rate, and the serious loss of teachers in vocational and technical education institutions. Zimbabwe's vocational and technical education needs further reform. This study mainly adopts the methods of literature analysis and historical research, taking the reform measures of vocational and technical education in Zimbabwe after independence as clues, and analyzes the problems and challenges that vocational and technical education is still facing. The aim is to provide a clear account of the development of vocational and technical education in Zimbabwe and to attempt to provide a detailed analysis of existing policies, although many policies have been formulated by the Government of Zimbabwe and other sectors for the development of vocational and technical education, However, due to the lack of tools and financial support, these policies have not been effectively implemented. As a result, there are still many problems and challenges in vocational and technical education in Zimbabwe, including inadequate finance, backward technical equipment and serious wastage of teachers. The dropout rate of students is high, the government lacks the ability of effective supervision and evaluation of vocational and technical education, and the existing vocational and technical education lags far behind the needs of social and economic development. The article consists of five chapters. The first chapter introduces the significance and background of the research, the domestic and foreign research review, and the definition of vocational and technical education, and introduces the research ideas and methods of the thesis writing. The characteristics and causes of vocational and technical education after economic restructuring in the early years of independence. Chapter three introduces the reform measures of vocational and technical education in Zimbabwe in detail according to the reports on vocational and technical education in Zimbabwe over the years. It includes perfecting the government management system, strengthening the government's supervision and evaluation of the quality of vocational and technical education, strengthening the training of skilled and technical teachers, increasing the effective investment in education, reducing the dropout rate of students, etc. The fourth chapter discusses the achievements and problems of Zimbabwe's vocational and technical education, including the shortage of financial investment in education, the serious loss of teachers, the low student registration rate, the high dropout rate and the low employment rate of graduates. In the fifth part of the conclusion, starting with the status quo of vocational and technical development in Zimbabwe, the international community's assistance to Zimbabwe, and China's assistance to Africa's vocational and technical education, the paper briefly puts forward some suggestions for China's assistance to vocational and technical education in Africa. And the whole article is summarized, the innovation and shortcomings are analyzed, and further research direction is put forward.
【学位授予单位】：浙江师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2012
【分类号】：G719.2

【参考文献】