农村职业教育的城市化倾向问题研究

发布时间：2018-07-03 00:02

本文选题：农村 + 职业教育　；参考：《陕西师范大学》2013年硕士论文

【摘要】：《国家中长期教育改革和发展规划纲要(2010-2020年)》明确指出,要“加快发展面向农村的职业教育”。但多年来,农村职业教育研究的热点主要是如何培训农村的转移劳动力,使“农民工”群体更有效的适应城市化进程；各级农村职业教育学校的招生对象主要是系统接受职业教育培训的全日制学生,把他们培养成为城市发展所需要的合格初中级技术人才,没有将培养服务于社会主义新农村建设,扎根农村的有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民作为自己责无旁贷的使命。所以,研究农村职业教育城市化发展倾向,分析其产生的主客观原因,并重新定位农村职业教育的发展方向,对于构建适应农村实际,满足农村、农民需要的新型农村职业教育体系具有重要的理论与实践意义。首先,论文在研究国内外相关文献,系统介绍我国农村职业教育发展的历史和现状基础上,借鉴发达国家农村职业教育与培训的先进经验,以文献研究和比较研究为主要研究方法,对目前我国农村职业教育发展过程城市化倾向进行了全方位的描述,主要表现为：目标定位不清,没有将培养有文化、懂技术、会经营的新型农民作为主要目标；教育对象应为生产劳动第一线的农民和农村新成长劳动力,而不是初中、高中毕业生并准备到城市务工的转移劳动力；存在形态以学校形态为主,按照严格的教学计划和一定的年限展开教学；专业设置上与城市职业学校的专业类似,与农村实际脱节；师资力量薄弱。分析了农村职业教育培训体系中存在的诸多问题：由于历史影响和现实原因,农村职业教育“离农”现象严重；农村职业教育没有得到由上而下的指导,各自为政,优势不能互补,农村的三级职业教育体系无法贯通；教育模式落后,教师紧缺；课程设置偏离农村实际情况,定位不明。其次,探讨了我国农村职业教育城市化倾向的原因,包括以下四个方面：农村职业教育缺乏良好的物质和意识基础,荷重前行；农村职业教育在发展规划中缺乏明确的方向；受到经济一体化的波及,人力资源由农村地区向城市流动；政府对农村职业教育的投入不足,缺乏强有力的师资支持。最后,借鉴发达国家在农村职业教育方面的经验,对我国农村职业教育的发展提出一些建议。这些建议包含：政府明确职能和政策的引导；建立独具县域特色的三级职教体制；建立突出区域资源优势、强调实践能力导向的现代农村职业教育课程体系；建设固定的“双师型”队伍培养机制；建立新型农民及其新成长劳动力免费创业培训制度等方面。主要与我国农村职业教育目前存在的问题相呼应,做到有针对性的解决问题。
[Abstract]:The outline of the national medium and long-term education reform and development plan (2010-2020 years) clearly points out that it is necessary to "speed up the development of vocational education for rural areas". However, for many years, the focus of the research on rural vocational education is how to train the transfer of labor in rural areas, so that the "migrant workers" group can be more effectively adapted to the process of urbanization; the vocational education at all levels in rural areas is more effective. The main target of the school enrollment is to systematically accept the full-time students of vocational education and training, to train them to be qualified primary and secondary technical personnel needed for urban development, not to serve the training of the new socialist rural construction, to take root in the countryside with culture, to understand the technology and to manage the new farmers as their duty of duty. Therefore, it is of great theoretical and practical significance to study the tendency of urbanization development in rural vocational education, to analyze the reasons for its subjective and objective reasons, and to relocate the development direction of rural vocational education, which is of great theoretical and practical significance to the construction of a new rural vocational education system which adapts to rural reality and meets the needs of rural and farmers.
First, on the basis of studying the relevant literature at home and abroad, systematically introducing the history and present situation of the development of rural vocational education in our country, drawing on the advanced experience of rural vocational education and training in developed countries, taking literature research and comparative research as the main research method, it has carried on the whole trend of urbanization in the development process of rural vocational education in our country. The description of the azimuth is mainly as follows: the target orientation is not clear, the new farmers who have the culture, the technology and the management will be the main goal; the object of education should be the peasants and the new growing labor force in the first line of production and labor, but not the middle school, the high school graduates and the transfer labor of the urban migrant workers; Based on school form, teaching in accordance with strict teaching plan and a certain number of years, the specialty is similar to the major of the urban vocational school, disjointed with the rural practice, and the teachers are weak. The problems existing in the training system of rural vocational education are analyzed: the rural vocational education because of historical and practical reasons. The phenomenon of rural education is serious; rural vocational education has not been guided by the upper and lower levels, and the advantages can not be complementation. The three level vocational education system in rural areas can not be connected; the educational model is backward and the teachers are short; the curriculum setting deviates from the actual situation in the countryside, and the positioning is unknown.
Secondly, the reasons for the urbanization tendency of rural vocational education in China are discussed, including the following four aspects: the rural vocational education lacks good material and consciousness basis, the load is ahead of the load; the rural vocational education lacks clear direction in the development planning; the wave of economic integration and the flow of human resources from the rural areas to the cities; The government lacks investment in rural vocational education and lacks strong teacher support.
Finally, drawing on the experience of the developed countries in rural vocational education, some suggestions are made for the development of rural vocational education in China. These proposals include the guidance of the clear functions and policies of the government, the establishment of a three level vocational education system with unique county characteristics, and the establishment of a modern rural job which emphasizes the advantages of regional resources and emphasizes the practical ability. The curriculum system of industry education, the establishment of a fixed "double teacher" team training mechanism, the establishment of new farmers and their new growing labor training system, etc., are mainly related to the existing problems in rural vocational education in China, so as to solve the problem.
【学位授予单位】：陕西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G719.2

【参考文献】