新型城镇化背景下中山市中等职业教育管理模式研究

发布时间：2018-07-15 20:37

【摘要】：县域经济发展的有效途径之一就是加快推进城镇化战略,而要走中国特色新型城镇化发展道路,真正实现“人的城镇化”,就要避免人口向大城市盲目流动,而应向中小城镇发展。建设小城镇要与壮大县域经济、发展乡镇企业和转移农村剩余劳动力相结合,通过中等职业教育来加强农民职业技能培训,提升农民就业创业能力和职业素质,增加农民收入,促进产业发展与转型升级,从而避免中等收入陷阱,推进县域经济发展。中山市在1983年是一个县级市,1988年升级为地级市,是目前中国5个不设市辖区的地级市,它实行的是特殊的“市镇”管理模式,如今中山市人均GDP已达到了99471元(约14975美元)(2016年),按照中等收入陷阱理论来分析,中山市已经达到了发达国家的水平,它已经率先度过了中等收入陷阱。然而,中山市在跨越中等收入陷阱的过程中,其中等职业教育是如何推进县域经济发展的呢?基于此思考,通过文献分析法和访谈调查法来分析政府、学校和社会(行业企业)这三者在这过程中的角色、作用和关系,从而梳理出中山市中等职业教育管理模式发展历程。从改革开放以来中山市的政策文件、经费投入、课程/专业设置、产业结构、企业行业参与和经济发展情况进行梳理分析,结果发现,自改革开放以来,中山市中等职业教育在推进县域经济发展的过程中,以政府为主导的管理模式发挥了重要的促进作用。政府制定的政策与市场的变化和产业结构转型升级紧密结合,为中职学校的发展和社会参与指明了方向。中职学校依据政府或教育主管部门的政策文件依法办学,结合当地经济及产业结构的变化,不断优化设置课程或专业,但是存在对口就业率不高的问题,说明专业设置与人才需求匹配性并不高。虽然社会(行业企业)参与办学积极性不断提升,但是校企合作不够深度融合,只停留在实习方面的合作。在整个管理过程中,中山市中等职业教育管理模式经历了等级、官僚、系统、理性和共同等五种管理模式,但其管理模式较单一,基本上是自上而下的管理模式,主要是以政府为主导,而学校和社会还欠缺自主权力。
[Abstract]:One of the effective ways to develop the county economy is to speed up the urbanization strategy, and if we want to take the new road of urbanization with Chinese characteristics and truly realize the "urbanization of people," we must avoid the blind flow of population to big cities. Should develop to medium and small town instead. The construction of small towns should be combined with the expansion of the county economy, the development of township enterprises and the transfer of surplus rural labor, the strengthening of vocational skills training of farmers through secondary vocational education, the enhancement of farmers' ability to start businesses and their professional qualities, and the increase of peasants' income. Promote industrial development and transformation and upgrading, thus avoiding the middle-income trap, and promoting the development of county economy. Zhongshan City was a county level city in 1983 and upgraded to a prefectural level city in 1988. It is currently five prefectural cities that do not have municipal districts in China. It implements a special "town" management model. Zhongshan has reached 99471 yuan ($14975) per capita (2016), according to middle-income trap theory, Zhongshan has reached the level of developed countries, it has been the first to pass the middle-income trap. However, Zhongshan City in the process of crossing the middle-income trap, its secondary vocational education is how to promote the development of the county economy? Based on this thinking, this paper analyzes the roles, functions and relationships of government, school and society (industry enterprises) in this process through literature analysis and interview investigation, and then combs out the development course of secondary vocational education management mode in Zhongshan City. From the policy documents, financial input, curriculum / professional setting, industrial structure, enterprise industry participation and economic development of Zhongshan City since the reform and opening up, the results show that since the reform and opening up, Secondary vocational education in Zhongshan City plays an important role in promoting the development of county economy. The policy made by the government is closely combined with the changes of the market and the transformation and upgrading of the industrial structure, which points out the direction for the development of secondary vocational schools and social participation. Secondary vocational schools run schools according to the policy documents of the government or the competent education department, and combine with the changes in the local economy and industrial structure to continuously optimize the curriculum or specialties, but there is a problem that the employment rate of the counterparts is not high. It shows that the matching between professional setting and talent demand is not high. Although the enthusiasm of the society (industry enterprises) to participate in running a school is increasing, the cooperation between school and enterprise is not deep enough, but only in the aspect of practice. In the whole management process, the secondary vocational education management mode in Zhongshan city has experienced five kinds of management models: grade, bureaucracy, system, rationality and common, but its management mode is single, basically top-down management mode. It is mainly the government, and the school and the society still lack the independent power.
【学位授予单位】：广东技术师范学院
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G719.2

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