高职院校“现代学徒制”外部环境保障策略研究

发布时间：2018-08-06 16:19

【摘要】：据报道,2012年约有2/5的大学生毕业面临“就业难”,另一方用人单位却越来越难招聘到所需要的高级技工人才,要解决“技工荒”和“就业难”的矛盾,就要通过“现代学徒制”来实现高职教育的内源式发展,“现代学徒制”是以校企合作为基础的人才培养模式,其中以实现学生(徒弟)的培养以及教师-师傅的共同指导为核心内容,课程是联系学校和企业的重要纽带。 “现代学徒制”能否有效地发挥经济和社会效益关键不在学校内部自身的建设,而在于能否实现政府、企业、行业组织以及整个社会对这种人才培养模式积极的支持和配合。高职教育是以市场本位和能力本位为标准,着眼于社会发展和个人就业的教育形式,外部环境对“现代学徒制”的发展趋势、质量标准起着决定性的作用,因此,针对高职院校“现代学徒制”外部环境的研究和分析是保障“现代学徒制”有效实施的基础和前提。本研究主要采用文献分析、问卷调查和深入访谈等研究方法,选取国家级示范类高职院校-重庆Z校为典型案例,对高职院校“现代学徒制”的开展情况进行实地调研。本研究包涵四个方面的内容：第一,帕森斯“结构功能主义”,即AGIL模式,基于适应-目标达成-整合-潜在模式维系四个角度,通过对流式的互换,分析系统内部的关系,最终实现均衡的态势,AGIL是任何社会系统或社会组织发展演变的必要条件。高职院校“现代学徒制”是在特定系统中开展的社会行动,因此,高职院校“现代学徒制”可以以此为理论依据来分析影响外部环境保障的因素,从政府、企业、行业和社会的角度提出切实的实施策略。第二,对重庆市高职院校Z校“现代学徒制”的实施情况进行调查,分析特点和现状,明确“现代学徒制”已取得的成绩,发现“现代学徒制”外部环境保障,如法律不健全、经费短缺、企业参与度低等方面存在的问题,并寻求导致外部环境保障不足的原因。第三,在对德国“双元制”和澳大利亚“新学徒制”进行述评的基础上,提出针对我国高职院校“现代学徒制”外部环境保障的完善策略：首先,政府要制定扶持性政策和明确的法律条例,加大对高职教育的资金投入。其次,企业拓展“现代学徒制”人才培养的思路,建设现代企业教育制度和树立正确人才储备的观念。再有,社会要建立沟通利益相关者的的交流机制,加强行业资格认证的管理和机制的创新。最后,社会要继承和发扬中国传统“艺徒”文化,加大对“现代学徒制”的宣传力度,并倡导高职教育终身化的理念。第四,本研究的结论旨在为我国的“现代学徒制”提供一种更有益的外部环境保障思路。在高职院校“现代学徒制”中,只有实现校企之间的深度合作,才能真正实现各方的“双赢”,长久利益的挂钩和衔接,最终将高职教育的特色化办学和个性化发展融入人的全面发展与社会进步的和谐统一。
[Abstract]:It is reported that in 2012, about 2/5 college graduates are faced with "difficult employment", while the other employers are more and more difficult to recruit to the required senior technicians. In order to solve the contradiction between "technical shortage" and "difficult employment", the "modern apprenticeship" should be adopted to realize the endogenous development of higher vocational education. "Modern apprenticeship" is a school. The training model based on enterprise cooperation is based on the training of students (Apprentice) and the common guidance of teachers and teachers. The curriculum is an important link between schools and enterprises.
Whether the "modern apprenticeship" can effectively play the key to economic and social benefits is not to build itself in the school itself, but to support and cooperate with the government, enterprises, industry organizations and the society as a whole. Higher vocational education is based on the market and ability standard, with a view to social development and the development of the society. The external environment plays a decisive role in the development trend of "modern apprenticeship" and the quality standard. Therefore, the research and analysis of the external environment of "modern apprenticeship" in higher vocational colleges is the basis and premise to ensure the effective implementation of the "modern apprenticeship" system.
This study mainly uses literature analysis, questionnaire survey and in-depth interview and other research methods, and selects the national demonstration class higher vocational colleges, Chongqing Z school as a typical case, and makes a field survey on the development of "modern apprenticeship" in higher vocational colleges.
This study includes four aspects:
First, Parsons's "structural functionalism", that is, AGIL model, is based on four angles of adaptation - goal reaching - integration - potential mode. Through the exchange of convection, it analyses the relationship within the system and finally realizes the equilibrium situation. AGIL is the necessary condition for the development and evolution of any social system or social organization. "The modern apprenticeship system of higher vocational colleges. "It is a social action in a specific system. Therefore," modern apprenticeship "in higher vocational colleges can be used as a theoretical basis to analyze the factors affecting external environmental protection, and put forward practical implementation strategies from the perspective of government, enterprises, industry and society.
Second, to investigate the implementation of "modern apprenticeship" in the Z School of Higher Vocational Colleges in Chongqing, analyze the characteristics and present situation, make clear the achievements made by the modern apprenticeship system, and find out the external environmental protection of "modern apprenticeship", such as the legal imperfection, the shortage of funds, the low enterprise participation and the low degree, and seek to lead to the external ring. The reasons for insufficient security.
Third, on the basis of a review of the "dual system" in Germany and the "New Apprenticeship" in Australia, this paper puts forward a perfect strategy for the external environment protection of "modern apprenticeship" in China's higher vocational colleges. First, the government should formulate supportive policies and clear legal regulations to increase the investment in higher vocational education. Secondly, the development of enterprises. "Modern apprenticeship" train of thought, the construction of modern enterprise education system and the idea of setting up a correct talent reserve. Furthermore, the society should establish communication mechanism to communicate the stakeholders, strengthen the management and innovation of industry qualification certification. Finally, the society should inherit and carry forward the Chinese traditional "apprenticeship" culture, and increase the " Advocacy of modern apprenticeship, and advocating the idea of lifelong education in higher vocational education.
Fourth, the conclusion of this study is to provide a more beneficial external environmental protection idea for the modern apprenticeship system in China. In the modern apprenticeship system of higher vocational colleges, only by realizing the deep cooperation between school and enterprise, can the "win-win", the link and connection of the long-term interests be realized, and the characteristics of higher vocational education will be finally made. School running and individualized development are integrated into the harmonious unity of human's all-round development and social progress.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2013
【分类号】：G712

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