昆明市Y幼儿园蒙台梭利X混龄班幼儿助人行为的个案研究

发布时间：2018-01-13 06:28

本文关键词：昆明市Y幼儿园蒙台梭利X混龄班幼儿助人行为的个案研究　出处：《云南师范大学》2016年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：幼儿助人行为是一种重要的亲社会行为,它是指幼儿关注到同伴在生活自理、学习、人际交往、物品匮乏、身体或心理等方面遇到了困难,主动或被动采用物质、心理、体力等方式进行援助,或者通过言语提醒、求助他人等途径帮助受困同伴脱离困境的行为。当今中国助人行为等传统文化中的优良行为逐渐缺失,从幼儿阶段开始进行助人行为的培养至关重要,而蒙台梭利混龄班为幼儿提供了一个丰富、多元的社会化交往环境,对幼儿社会性认知、技能及情感的发展有显著作用,对助人行为等亲社会行为的形成和发展也具有一定的积极影响。本研究以昆明市Y幼儿园蒙台梭利X混龄班为个案,了解幼儿助人行为的现状,从幼儿自身、社会、家庭及幼儿园四方面出发寻找影响幼儿助人行为发展的因素,并试图提出促进其发展的可行性建议。本研究通过文献法了解前人已有研究,采用参与式观察法收集Y幼儿园蒙台梭利X混龄班发生的幼儿助人行为事件,通过访谈和问卷调查了解教师及家长的看法、态度及培养策略,还采用了案例分析法对助人行为事件进行分析。现状调查后笔者发现蒙台梭利X混龄班幼儿助人行为发展较好,教师和家长的重视程度较高。通过对影响幼儿助人行为发展的各种因素进行分析,笔者发现社会文化、大众媒体、家长培养态度及策略、幼儿园的环境创设、混龄班教学组织形式、教师的培养态度、反馈等因素都对幼儿助人行为产生影响。最后从园长、教师和家长三个角度提出了对策和建议,园长应加强教师培训,提高教师专业素质、为幼儿创设有准备的物质环境和精神环境;教师应开展有效的正式教育、重视随机教育、进行及时的反馈性教育、加强家园共育;而家长需要了解幼儿身心发展的特点及规律,把握幼儿助人行为教育的关键期,树立正确的教育观念,采取科学的教养方式,积极参与家园合作,共同促进幼儿助人行为的发展。本研究内容主要包括以下四个部分:第一章是绪论,主要介绍了本研究的选题缘由、研究目的、意义及对象、相关概念界定、国内外的研究综述以及研究采用的方法。第二章是Y幼儿园蒙台梭利X混龄班幼儿助人行为的现状,主要从受助者和助人者两个角度进行研究,了解受助者与助人者的年龄与性别分布、各年段幼儿互助情况,研究不同年龄段受困者的受困原因及不同活动类型中受困原因的区别,还从助人动机和助人策略两方面研究助人者的行为及方式。第三章是分析影响幼儿助人行为的因素,从幼儿自身因素(社会性认知、社会性情感、个性特征)、社会因素(社会文化、大众媒体)、家庭因素(家长的培养态度、培养策略)和幼儿园因素(幼儿园环境创设、混龄班教学组织形式、幼儿教师)四方面进行研究。第四章从园长、教师、家长和社会四个角度出发,结合蒙台梭利X混龄班的实际情况,提出建议,促进幼儿助人行为的发展。
[Abstract]:Helping children is an important pro-social behavior, it means that children pay attention to the life of their peers in self-care, learning, interpersonal communication, lack of goods, physical or psychological aspects encountered difficulties. Active or passive use of material, psychological, physical and other means of assistance, or through verbal reminders. Help others and other ways to help the trapped partner out of the plight of behavior. Nowadays, the traditional culture of helping others such as behavior in China gradually missing, from the early childhood to train the behavior of helping people is very important. The Montessori mixed-age class provides a rich and diverse social communication environment for children, and plays a significant role in the development of children's social cognition, skills and emotion. This study also has a positive impact on the formation and development of pro-social behavior such as helping others. This study takes Montessori X mixed age class of Y kindergarten in Kunming as a case study to understand the current situation of helping children behavior from the children themselves. The four aspects of society, family and kindergarten look for the factors that affect the development of children's helping others behavior, and try to put forward feasible suggestions to promote their development. The participatory observation method was used to collect the behavior events of helping children in Montessori X mixed age class in Y kindergarten. Through interviews and questionnaires, the views, attitudes and training strategies of teachers and parents were investigated. The author also used the case analysis method to analyze the behavior of helping people. After the investigation of the present situation, the author found that Montessori X mixed-age children's helping behavior developed better. Teachers and parents pay more attention. Through the analysis of various factors affecting the development of helping children behavior, the author found that social culture, mass media, parents' attitude and strategies, kindergarten environment creation. The teaching organization form of mixed-age class, teacher's training attitude, feedback and other factors all have an impact on the behavior of helping children. Finally, the countermeasures and suggestions are put forward from three angles: the school director, the teacher and the parents, and the school head should strengthen the teacher training. Improve the professional quality of teachers, create a prepared material and spiritual environment for young children; Teachers should carry out effective formal education, attach importance to random education, carry out timely feedback education, and strengthen home co-education. Parents need to understand the characteristics and laws of children's physical and mental development, grasp the key period of children's helping behavior education, set up the correct educational concept, adopt scientific rearing methods, and actively participate in the cooperation of home. This research mainly includes the following four parts: the first chapter is the introduction, which mainly introduces the reason, purpose, significance and object of this research, and the definition of related concepts. The second chapter is the current situation of toddlers' helping behavior in Montessori X mixed age class in Y kindergarten, mainly from the perspectives of recipients and helpers. To understand the age and sex distribution of the recipients and helpers, the situation of mutual aid among children in different years, and to study the causes of distress and the differences in different types of activities. The third chapter is to analyze the factors that affect children's helping behavior, from the children's own factors (social cognition, social emotion, personality characteristics). Social factors (social culture, mass media, family factors (parents' attitude, training strategies) and kindergarten factors (kindergarten environment creation, mixed age class teaching organization form). Chapter 4th, from the four angles of the director, teacher, parents and society, puts forward some suggestions to promote the development of children's helping others behavior, combining with the actual situation of Montessori X mixed age class.
【学位授予单位】：云南师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G611

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