幼儿园体育教学活动对3-6岁儿童基本动作技能发展的影响研究

发布时间：2018-04-22 01:23

本文选题：幼儿园 + 体育　；参考：《山东师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：幼儿时期是一个人成长过程中个体成长发育的至关重要的教育时期,也是人类基本动作技能发展的关键期。人类动作发展是一个研究“人类在一生中动作行为所发生的变化,以及构成这些行为变化的所经历的基础过程和它们的影响因素。”在这个时期中幼儿的生长发育都非常的迅速。3-6岁的孩子属于学龄前儿童,从生理特征和心理特征的角度来看,3-6岁的儿童的肌肉、骨骼、关节、智力等都处于发育中阶段,在这个阶段的身体的生长发育、性格品质的形成以及智力的发展等等,该阶段各个器官和系统的结构以及功能的发育都日趋成熟,身体素质也随器官功能的发展而发展。本研究通过问卷调查法,对幼儿园的教学环境、幼儿园的教学设备、幼儿园管理人员和体育教育工作者幼儿园的教师(教学内容、教学方法、教学时间以及体育教学的组织形式等因素)进行问卷调查,利用多重二分法对调查问卷进行分析,得出两所幼儿园的体育教学活动(教学内容、教学方法、教学环境、教学时间等方面)存在的差异。2000年美国密歇根州立大学的Dale A.Ulrich博士修订的专门用于评估3-6-岁儿童基本动作技能发展情况的大肌肉动作发展测试量表(Test of Gross Motor Development,简称TGMD-2)。该测验内容是由位移分测验和操作技能动作分测验两个部分构成,其中位移分测验包括跑、立定跳远、单脚跳、跨步跳、前滑步和侧滑步六个测试动作,操作技能动作分测验包括原地拍球、踢球、双手接球、击固定球、上手投球和地滚球六个测试动作。TGMD-2发展量表在多种不同文化环境下都取得了良好的信度和效度,并已经在我国台湾地区和山东地区进行广泛使用和研究。本文通过TGMD-2中12个动作技能测试动作的具体动作标准对莱芜市和济南市两地区共计599名3-6岁学龄前儿童基本动作技能进行测试,获取儿童对各个动作完成情况的得分,并对完成情况的得分进行分析和评价。通过对数据分析得出两地3-6岁学龄前儿童基本动作的发展规律,结合两地区两所幼儿园的体育教学活动的差异,得出幼儿园体育教学活动对3-6岁儿童基本动作技能(位移动作和操作技能动作)发展影响结论如下:(1)经过对莱芜市和济南市两所幼儿园的3-6岁学龄前儿童基本动作技能发展情况分析得出:55从儿童基本动作技能总分来看,济南市3-6岁学龄前儿童的基本动作发展比莱芜市3-6岁学龄前儿童基本动作技能发展的好;从位移动作总和操作技能动作总分比较来看,济南市该幼儿园3-6岁学龄前儿童位移动作和操作技能动作发展比莱芜市3-6岁学龄前儿童发展要好。(2)通过对莱芜市和济南市两所幼儿园的体育教学活动调查问卷分析得出:幼儿园的体育教学活动中,体育教学活动内容、体育教学活动方法、体育教学活动时间、体育教学活动的组织形式以及体育教学环境都是儿童基本动作技能发展的主要影响因素。其中体育教学活动的内容是最重要的影响因素。(3)不同年龄阶段3-6岁学龄前儿童的位移动作和操作技能动作的发展趋势随着年龄的增大而增强,儿童的基本动作技能的发展就越来越好。从均值来看,操作技能动作的均值是随着儿童年龄的增大而增大;位移动作的均值也是随年龄的增大而增大;基本动作技能总分均值也是随着年龄的增大而增大。从标准差来看,操作技能动作得分的标准差在4岁时最低,离散程度就越小,儿童操作技能动作发展最好;位移得分的标准差在5岁时最低,离散程度就越小,儿童位移控制能力发展最好;基本动作技能总分的标准差在4岁时最低,离散程度就越小,儿童基本动作技能发展最好。在幼儿园体育教学活动中,科学、合理、有效地开展幼儿园体育教学活动(教学内容、教学方法、教学环境、教学时间等方面),对3-6岁儿童的基本动作技能的发展具有促进作用。
[Abstract]:Early childhood is a critical period of education for individual growth and development in a person's growth. It is also the key period for the development of basic human action skills. Human action development is a study of "the changes in the action of human action in life and the basic process of forming these behaviours and their influence." "In this period, the growth and development of young children are very rapid and.3-6 years old children belong to preschool children. From the point of view of physiological and psychological characteristics, the muscles, bones, joints, and intelligence of 3-6 year old children are at the middle stage of development, and the development of the body, the formation of character quality and the intelligence at this stage. The development of the structure and function of various organs and systems at this stage are mature day by day, and the physical quality is also developed with the development of organ function. A questionnaire survey was conducted on the factors of capacity, teaching methods, teaching time and the organizational form of physical education. Using multiple dichotomous methods, the questionnaire was analyzed, and the differences in physical education activities (teaching content, teaching method, teaching environment, teaching time, etc.) of two kindergartens in two kindergartens were found to be Da of Michigan State University in the United States. Dr. Le A.Ulrich revised the large muscle action development test scale (Test of Gross Motor Development, for short), which is specially used to assess the development of basic action skills for 3-6- years old children. The content of this test is composed of two parts: displacement test and operation skill movement test, in which the displacement test includes running, standing long jump, Six tests of single foot jump, stride jump, front skid and side slide. The operation skill subtest includes the original shooting ball, kickball, hands in the ball, the hit fixed ball, the upper hand throw and the roll ball, the.TGMD-2 development scale has achieved good reliability and validity in a variety of different cultural environments, and has already been in the Taiwan area of our country. And the Shandong area is widely used and studied. In this paper, the basic action skills of 599 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu and Ji'nan cities were tested by the specific action standard of 12 action skills test in the TGMD-2. The scores of children's completion of each action were obtained, and the scores of the completion were analyzed. Through the analysis of the development of the basic movements of the 3-6 year old preschool children and the differences in the physical education activities in the two kindergartens in the two regions, the conclusions are drawn as follows: (1) pass to Laiwu. The development of basic action skills of 3-6 year old preschool children in two kindergartens in city and Ji'nan was analyzed. 55 from the total score of children's basic movement skills, the basic movement development of 3-6 year old preschool children in Ji'nan was better than that of the 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu. In comparison, the development of the displacement and operation skills of the preschool children of 3-6 years old in Ji'nan is better than that of the 3-6 year old preschool children in Laiwu. (2) through the analysis of the physical education activities of the kindergartens in Laiwu and Ji'nan, the contents of sports teaching activities, sports activities and physical education activities are obtained. The methods of teaching activities, the time of physical education activities, the organizational form of physical education activities and the physical education environment are the main factors affecting the development of the basic action skills of children. The contents of the sports teaching activities are the most important factors. (3) the movement and operation skills of the children of 3-6 years of age in different ages With the increase of age, the development trend of the basic movement skills of children is getting better and better. From the mean point of view, the mean of operation skills increases with the age of children; the mean of displacement action increases with the increase of age; the mean total score of the basic movement skills increases with the increase of age. From the standard deviation, the standard deviation of the operation skill movement score is the lowest at the age of 4, the smaller the discretization, the best development of the operation skills for children; the standard deviation of the displacement score is the lowest at the age of 5, the smaller the discrete degree is, the best development of the children's displacement control ability; the standard deviation of the basic movement skill total score is the lowest at the age of 4 and the discrete course. The smaller the degree is, the children's basic skill development is the best. In the kindergarten physical education activities, scientific, rational and effective activities (teaching content, teaching method, teaching environment, teaching time, etc.) have been promoted to promote the development of the basic action skills of 3-6 year old children.

【学位授予单位】：山东师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G613.7

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