皖北地区幼儿园玩教具的配置、使用以及开发情况的调查研究

发布时间：2018-08-07 20:30

【摘要】：玩教具事业在整个教育体系中占据着重要地位,是促进儿童全面发展的重要启蒙阶段,在“十三五”计划的深化之年,学前教育更是迎来了前所未有的机遇和挑战,近期出台的《国家教育事业“十三五”规划》中指出扩大普惠性学前教育资源,推进区域协调发展。学前教育资源是学前教育的重要物质根基,也是幼儿一日生活以及教师教育教学活动的重要媒介。玩教具资源是学前教育资源的重要组成部分,玩教具对于促进幼儿的身心发展有重要的价值。玩教具资源的配置水平以及幼儿园对园内玩教具的利用程度对能否真正挖掘幼儿园玩教具的教育价值有重要的实践价值。本文以玩教具资源为研究对象,采用文献法、问卷调查法对安徽省皖北地区部分幼儿园进行调查,从玩教具的配置、玩教具的使用以及玩教具的开发情况三个方面,了解皖北地区幼儿园玩教具配置的基本水平以及在此基础上玩教具的使用现状。调查发现,皖北地区幼儿园玩教具呈现出学前教育投入不断增长、使用过程中“以儿童为本”教育理念的不断深入、对玩教具的价值肯定程度加深等可观情况,但幼儿园玩教具的配置仍然存在着活动区域建设以及配备种类单调、配置参差不齐以及缺少与课程配套操作材料等问题,在此基础上,研究发现玩教具在课堂的使用过程随意、儿童缺乏整理意识等问题也十分普遍。另外,自制玩教具教育价值未得到重视以及教师缺乏玩教具开发的专业能力等问题成为最大程度发挥玩教具价值以及开发玩教具的限制因素,调查显示,有相当一部分幼儿园教师以装饰环境、应付上级检查为目的进行玩教具的开发,这与发挥幼儿的主体性等价值相悖。本研究针对以上问题,提出了以下对策建议:(1)玩教具配置层面:加强幼儿园活动区域建设,丰富玩教具配备种类;以国家配置标准为主,加强玩教具配置的科学性;玩教具配置尊重幼儿发展需求;以多种形式丰富幼儿园课程配套操作材料。(2)玩教具使用层面:教师应当精心设计玩教具在课堂上的使用环节;建立玩教具清洗消毒以及更换记录表;教师在玩教具的使用过程中培养幼儿的玩教具整理意识。(3)玩教具开发层面:开发和利用幼儿园资源,增加自制玩教具的频率;开展培训活动,提高幼儿教师开发玩教具的专业能力;幼儿园与厂家合作、共同完成玩教具的开发活动。
[Abstract]:Playing with teaching aids occupies an important position in the whole education system and is an important enlightenment stage to promote the all-round development of children. In the year of deepening the 13th Five-Year Plan, preschool education has ushered in unprecedented opportunities and challenges. It is pointed out in the "Thirteenth Five-Year Plan" recently issued that the resources of inclusive preschool education should be expanded and regional coordinated development promoted. Preschool education resource is an important material foundation of preschool education, and also an important medium of children's daily life and teachers' education and teaching activities. Playing with teaching aids is an important part of preschool education resources, and playing teaching aids plays an important role in promoting the physical and mental development of young children. The allocation level of teaching aids resources and the utilization degree of kindergarten teaching aids have important practical value to excavate the educational value of kindergarten playing teaching aids. This paper takes the teaching aid resources as the research object, adopts the literature method, the questionnaire method carries on the investigation to the Anhui Province north Anhui area partial kindergarten, from the play teaching aid disposition, the play teaching aid use and the play teaching aid development situation three aspects, To understand the basic level of teaching aids in kindergartens in north Anhui and the current situation of using teaching aids on this basis. The investigation found that kindergarten teaching aids in northern Anhui showed an increasing investment in preschool education, the deepening of the concept of "child-oriented" education in the process of use, and the deepening of the value of playing teaching aids, and so on. However, there are still some problems in the allocation of teaching aids in kindergartens, such as the construction of activity areas and the monotonous types of teaching aids, the uneven configuration and the lack of operational materials matching with the curriculum, etc. On this basis, the study finds that the process of using teaching aids in the classroom is random. Children's lack of awareness and other problems are also very common. In addition, the lack of attention to the educational value of self-made teaching aids and the lack of professional ability of teachers to develop teaching aids become the limiting factors to maximize the value of playing teaching aids and to develop teaching aids. A considerable number of kindergarten teachers develop teaching aids for the purpose of decorating environment and coping with superior inspection, which is contrary to the value of giving play to children's subjectivity. Aiming at the above problems, this study puts forward the following countermeasures and suggestions: (1) strengthening the regional construction of kindergarten activities, enriching the types of playing teaching aids, focusing on the national allocation standard, strengthening the science of playing teaching aids allocation; Play with teaching aids to respect the needs of early childhood development; to enrich the kindergarten curriculum supporting operational materials. (2) play teaching aids level: teachers should carefully design the use of teaching aids in the classroom; Establishing the cleaning and disinfecting of playing teaching aids and changing the record form; the teachers cultivate the children's awareness of playing teaching aids in the process of playing teaching aids. (3) the development level of playing teaching aids: to develop and utilize kindergarten resources and to increase the frequency of self-made teaching aids; Carry out training activities to improve the professional ability of preschool teachers to develop teaching aids; kindergartens cooperate with manufacturers to complete the development activities of teaching aids.
【学位授予单位】：淮北师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：G614

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