晋南花馍对儿童的教育价值研究

发布时间：2018-09-04 07:04

【摘要】：山西民间面塑在三晋大地传承上千年,它顽强的生命力反映了黄河流域老百姓的日常生活,作为民俗文化事象,它在岁时节日和人生礼仪中扮演着重要角色,不仅是人们联结感情的纽带,更包涵着原始先民和祖先们对世界万物的认识和对大自然的敬畏,是劳动人们智慧的结晶,信念力量的源泉,对人们的言行思维都有着规约与塑造的作用。花馍已有几千年的历史了。从春节的枣山花馍到清明的寒燕儿,从中元节的面羊到婚丧嫁娶的龙凤糕,只要是在重要的节日中,都少不了花馍的身影。不论是隆重的婚礼,还是孩子出生,或者为老人贺寿,人们都会将花馍作为礼品相赠。花馍是持有者信仰的寄托,从出现花馍到流传至今,它已经在华夏大地走过了上千年的历史,其中包涵着原始先民和祖先们对世界对自然的认识,他们对图腾的崇拜,对大自然的敬畏,对生活的哲学思考,都蕴藏在小小的花馍中。可以说,从花馍中,我们可以窥视人类文明的发展历程,可以感知祖先对生活积极乐观的态度。2006年山西面塑被列入到了山西非物质文化遗产保护名录中,这一方面意味着作为中国传统优秀文化组成部分的山西面塑具有极高的文化价值,另一方面也我们看到了民俗文化岌岌可危的边缘化状态,亟需我们付出努力传承和发扬这一优秀的民间文化。文化的传承靠教育,教育始于儿童。童年期是一个人发展的重要阶段,儿童作为一个独立开放的个体,天生具有探索发现的潜能,可以说是一个主动的学习者。在这一阶段,文化的塑造对儿童全面发展具有极大的影响。山西面塑能够从上古流传至今依旧具有鲜活的生命力,说明对个体具有极大教育价值。探究山西面塑这一民俗文化的教育价值对儿童的成长和社会的发展都具有深远的价值和意义。山西面塑分布广泛,类型各异,其中又以晋南花馍为最大的代表,它具有自己的特点与风格,又融合了各家之特长,称得上是山西面塑群中的一朵奇葩。花馍是农耕文化的产物,极具乡土特色,所以笔者以晋南地区的勃香村作为研究个案,通过探讨晋南花馍对当地儿童的影响揭示面塑文化对儿童的教育价值。本研究共分为六个部分：第一部分引言首先阐述研究缘由、研究的目的和意义,对相关概念进行界定,然后对国内外相关研究做总结,提出本文的研究思路与方法。第二部分为晋南花馍概况。首先介绍晋南花馍的生存环境,本研究以勃香村为个案,所以重点介绍勃香村的自然环境和社会环境。然后对晋南花馍的发展概况进行全面的梳理,探讨晋南花馍的起源、发展历程和生存现状,最后对晋南花馍的类型特点、制作工艺以及文化内涵进行了详细的阐述。第三部分分析人生礼仪中的花馍,花馍作为儿童社会化的见证者,贯穿于人生重要的仪式中。从诞生礼对新生命的礼赞,到葬礼中儿童关怀生命的意识萌芽,从婚姻礼儿童性别角色的塑造到祝寿礼儿童孝道观念的养成,花馍都扮演着重要的角色。第四部分分析岁时节日中的花馍,花馍作为儿童观念价值形成的指引者,从传统节日中得到了极大的体现。春节中的花馍让儿童对隆重庄严的春节有了具体的感知和体验,清明节的花馍在教化儿童思亲祭祖的同时,让儿童对万物初生的春天有了更好的认识,端午节的花馍寄托成人对儿童健康成长的期望,中秋节的花馍让儿童懂得了合家团圆的内涵与意义。第五部分分析晋南花馍对儿童的教育机制成长的影响。晋南花馍教育机制分别为熏陶机制、传承机制、维护机制和接受机制,儿童在晋南花馍民俗活动环境的熏陶中、在以血缘关系为核心的技艺传承中、在情感交流和花馍活动主动参与中受到晋南花馍的影响。本章重点分析了晋南花馍对儿童的四大教育价值,第一有助于提高儿童的道德修养水平,第二促进儿童形成科学的自然观,第三为激发儿童创造美的兴趣,第四帮助儿童提高文化认同感。第六部分是晋南花馍教育价值的反思与启示。晋南花馍作为一种有深厚底蕴的民俗文化,对儿童的影响有积极的一面,也有消极的一面。我们应该用辩证的态度看待晋南花馍,留精华,去糟粕,发掘更多的价值。对晋南花馍教育价值的实现,从两个方面进行思考。第一对是以尊重儿童为前提进行民俗文化教育,第二是从家庭、幼儿园和社会三方面为儿童的学习营造尊重优秀晋南花馍民俗文化的环境。
[Abstract]:Shanxi Folk Dough sculpture has been handed down for thousands of years in the Three Jin Dynasty. Its tenacious vitality reflects the daily life of the people in the Yellow River valley. As a folk cultural phenomenon, it plays an important role in the festivals and life rituals at the age of one year. It is not only the bond between people's feelings, but also contains the primitive ancestors'understanding and understanding of the world. Fear of nature is the crystallization of the wisdom of working people, the source of faith and strength, and has a role in shaping people's thinking of words and deeds. It has a history of thousands of years. No flower bun. Whether it's a grand wedding, a child's birth, or a birthday greeting for the elderly, people will present it as a gift. The flower bun is the carrier of the holder's belief, from the appearance of the flower bun to the present, it has passed through the Chinese land for thousands of years, including the primitive ancestors of the world to themselves. However, their worship of totems, their reverence for nature, and their philosophical thinking about life are all contained in a small bun of flowers. It can be said that from the bun of flowers, we can peep at the development of human civilization, we can feel the positive attitude of our ancestors towards life. In 2006, Shanxi surface sculpture was listed in Shanxi intangible cultural heritage protection. On the one hand, it means that Shanxi sculpture, as an integral part of Chinese traditional culture, is of great cultural value. On the other hand, we see the dangerous marginalization of folk culture, and we need to make great efforts to inherit and develop this excellent folk culture. Childhood is an important stage of a person's development. As an independent and open individual, children are born with the potential to explore and discover, which can be said to be an active learner. In this stage, the shaping of culture has a great impact on children's all-round development. Shanxi flour sculpture can still have a lively life from ancient times to today. Shanxi flour sculpture has a wide range of distribution and different types, among which southern Shanxi flour steamed bun is the most representative. It has its own characteristics and style, and also integrates various countries. This study is divided into six parts: the first part is about the educational value of flour sculpture culture to children by discussing the influence of flour sculpture culture on local children in Boxiang village of southern Shanxi. The second part is the general situation of the South Shanxi floral steamed bun. Firstly, it introduces the living environment of the South Shanxi floral steamed bun. This study takes the Boxiang village as a case, so it focuses on the introduction of the Boxiang village. Natural and social environment. and then a comprehensive overview of the development of South Shanxi bun, discusses the origin of South Shanxi bun, development process and survival status. finally, the type of South Shanxi bun characteristics, production technology and cultural connotation of a detailed exposition. the third part of the analysis of life etiquette in the bun, bun as a children's Society The knowledgeable witness, runs through the important rituals of life. From the birth ceremony to the praise of the new life, to the burial of children's awareness of caring for life germination, from the marriage ceremony of children's gender role to the Birthday Ceremony of children's concept of filial piety, flower buns play an important role. The flower buns in the Spring Festival give children a concrete sense and experience of the solemn Spring Festival. The flower buns on the Qingming Festival not only educate children to think about their parents and ancestors, but also help children to have a better understanding of the spring when all things are born. The flower buns on the Dragon Boat Festival are the sustenance of the flower buns on the Dragon Boat Festival. Adults'expectations for children's healthy growth make children understand the connotation and significance of family reunion. The fifth part analyzes the influence of Jinnan flower bun on the growth of children's educational mechanism. In the process of inheritance of skills with blood relationship as the core, the influence of the flower bun in the south of Shanxi Province on the emotional exchange and active participation in the flower bun activities is analyzed. In order to stimulate children's interest in creating beauty, the fourth part is to help children improve their cultural identity. The sixth part is the reflection and Enlightenment of the educational value of Jinnan Huacao. The first is to respect children as the premise of folk culture education, the second is from the family, kindergarten and society three aspects for children's learning to build respect for excellent folk culture environment.
【学位授予单位】：广西师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2016
【分类号】：G611

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