从不同类型幼儿园经费收支状况看城市学前教育的发展

发布时间：2018-10-29 12:46

【摘要】：不同类型幼儿园的经费收支状况表明不同类型幼儿园的办园成本不同,其中自收自支型公办园与差额拨款型公办园都因政府财政投入不足而运转困难,资金十分紧张;小区配套民办幼儿园的成本开支最大,在良性运转模式下需较高收费方能维持。生存的压力迫使前两种类型的公办园不得不在实际运作中扩大班额,举办举趣班,压缩教师工资、福利及公用开支等;而对利润的追求与对尽快回收成本的迫切希望也促使民办园在实际运作中扩大招生,尽力压缩教师待遇与公用开支。可以说在政府投入与扶持十分匮乏的情况下,无论公办园还是民办园都面临着生存的困难与无奈。为改变这种现状,政府应积极承担起发展学前教育的职责,一方面全额投入、全力办好城市公办园,使之能切实发挥示范与引领的作用,另一方面积极扶持和引导民办园良性运作和发展,将民办园纳入统一的管理体系,在对幼儿园评级分类、财政性经费投入与分配等方面使之享受与公办园同等的待遇。虽然目前城市一般已基本普及学前三年教育,但是以家长的较高经济负担为代价的,未能充分体现学前教育的普惠性质与公益性,因此未来城市学前教育的发展仍应致力于优先保证适龄幼儿学前教育的基本普及,这需要政府有相应的政策和经费保证,同时合理利用社会力量,根据居民收入水平让家庭合理分担成本,营造全社会共同办好学前教育的局面。
[Abstract]:The state of income and expenditure of different types of kindergartens shows that the cost of running different kindergartens is different, among which the self-supporting public gardens and the difference allocation public gardens are all difficult to operate because of insufficient government financial input, and the funds are very tight. The community supporting private kindergarten costs the largest, in the benign mode of operation requires a higher fee can be maintained. The pressure of survival forces the former two types of public gardens to expand class size, organize interest classes, and reduce teachers' wages, welfare and public expenditure in actual operation. The pursuit of profit and the urgent hope of recovering the cost as soon as possible also urge the private garden to expand the enrollment in the actual operation and try to reduce the treatment of teachers and public expenditure. It can be said that in the absence of government input and support, both public and private gardens are facing difficulties and helplessness in their survival. In order to change this situation, the government should actively assume the responsibility of developing pre-school education. On the one hand, the government should fully invest and make every effort to run the city's public gardens, so that it can effectively play the role of demonstration and guidance. On the other hand, we should actively support and guide the benign operation and development of the private garden, bring the private garden into a unified management system, and make it enjoy the same treatment as the public garden in the aspects of the classification of kindergarten ratings, the investment and distribution of financial funds, and so on. Although at present the city has generally popularized pre-school education for three years, but at the expense of parents' higher financial burden, it does not fully reflect the inclusive nature and public welfare of pre-school education. Therefore, in the future, the development of pre-school education in urban areas should continue to give priority to ensuring the basic popularization of pre-school education at the appropriate age, which requires the government to have corresponding policies and financial guarantees, and at the same time to make rational use of social forces. According to the income level, the family should share the cost reasonably and build the whole society to run the preschool education together.
【作者单位】：安徽省合肥幼儿师范学校;合肥工业大学人文经济学院;
【基金】：安徽省民政厅委托课题“城市社区服务体系研究”的阶段性研究成果
【分类号】：G619.2

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