基于子女成长视角的住房政策优化研究

发布时间：2018-01-14 09:31

本文关键词：基于子女成长视角的住房政策优化研究　出处：《上海师范大学》2017年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：家庭和学校是影响子女成长的两个最重要的因素。我国古代有“孟母三迁”的典故,目的是为子女提供更好的学习环境,到现在的“学区房”,每位家长都尽自己最大的努力为子女的教育提供尽可能好的环境。家庭的住房条件既影响子女的居住舒适性和学习环境,也影响着与住房相关的教育资源选择。我国住房制度改革以来,随着住房分配的市场化和住房价格的快速上升使得我国房地产市场的住房差异逐步增大。由于住房的区位差异带来的教学质量差异也在放大,目前我国实行“分片划区、就近入学”政策,虽然我国的住房政策也在逐步优化,但仍然存在很多问题,例如供求结构不合理,高房价造成住房市场的不公平等。因此,本文使用2014年中国教育追踪调查数据,研究住房状况差异对子女学习成绩和健康状况的影响,以分析住房在子女成长中的作用,相应的住房政策应如何考虑子女的健康成长。在研究过程中,首先对我国住房政策的演变及现状进行了系统、全面的分析,演变历程主要分为计划经济时期的住房制度阶段、住房制度改革阶段、住房货币化分配阶段,目前我国住房供应体系主要包括廉租房、公共租赁住房、经济适用住房、商品房等。在实证分析过程中分为全国、城镇、农村三个样本,分别利用有序回归方法对居住状况对子女成绩的影响进行回归分析,利用二元Logit回归方法对居住状况对子女健康水平的影响进行回归分析。结果表明,就全国样本的子女而言,社区类型越好、住房条件越好、居住设施越好越有利于子女学习成绩。但对于农村的子女来说,居住状况越好、居住环境越宽敞,反而越不利于子女的学习,回归结果均不显著。另外,就全国样本的子女而言,居住地在本县/区内、社区类型越好、住房条件越好、居住设施越好越有利于子女的健康成长。但对于农村的子女而言,居住在本县/区内、社区类型越好、住房条件越好,反而越不利于子女健康成长,回归结果不显著。政府应加大城市住宅社区基础设施投入,改善居住环境,通过良好的社区类型为子女提供健康的生活环境;加大对青年家庭住房的支持力度,提高年青家庭的可支付性,使青年家庭有一个稳定的、合适的住房,子女成长有一个良好的环境。具体要求可考虑通过信贷、税收等优惠,提高年青家庭的可支付性;加大旧住房改造力度,增加独立的卫生设施,合理利用建筑资源、尊重城市的文化特色,对旧住房进行改造;加大公共租赁住房的建设力度,保障青年家庭的住房条件,逐步构建完善的住房租赁体系;加快新型城镇化步伐,保障农村家庭的住房条件;加强对住房价格的控制力度,防止代际效应和马太效应的发生。
[Abstract]:Family and school are the two most important factors that affect the growth of children. In ancient China, there was the allusion of "three relocation of Mencius mother", in order to provide children with a better learning environment, to the present "school district room". Every parent does their best to provide the best possible environment for the children's education. The housing conditions of the family not only affect the children's living comfort and learning environment. It also affects the choice of educational resources related to housing. With the marketization of housing distribution and the rapid rise of housing prices, the housing gap in China's real estate market is gradually increasing, and the differences in teaching quality caused by housing location differences are also magnifying. At present, China implements the policy of "dividing into districts and enrolling in the vicinity". Although our housing policy is also gradually optimized, there are still many problems, such as unreasonable structure of supply and demand. Therefore, this paper uses the 2014 China Education tracking Survey data to study the impact of housing status differences on children's learning achievement and health status. In order to analyze the role of housing in the growth of children, the corresponding housing policy should consider the healthy growth of children. In the process of research, the evolution and current situation of housing policy in China are analyzed systematically and comprehensively. The evolution process is mainly divided into the housing system stage of planned economy period, housing system reform stage, housing monetization distribution stage. At present, our housing supply system mainly includes low-rent housing, public rental housing. In the process of empirical analysis, it is divided into three samples: national, urban and rural, and the effect of housing status on children's achievement is analyzed by using orderly regression method. The effects of living conditions on children's health were analyzed by using binary Logit regression method. The results showed that the better the community type, the better the housing conditions for the children in the national sample. The better the living facilities, the more conducive to the children's academic performance. But for the children in rural areas, the better the living conditions, the more spacious the living environment, but the more detrimental to the children's learning, the regression results are not significant. For the children of the national sample, the better the community type, the better the housing conditions, the better the living facilities, the more conducive to the healthy growth of the children, but for the rural children. Living in this county / district, the better the community type, the better the housing conditions, but the more harmful to the healthy growth of children, the return result is not significant. The government should increase urban residential community infrastructure investment to improve the living environment. Providing a healthy living environment for children through good community types; (C) increase support for housing for young families and increase affordability for young families, so that young families have a stable and suitable housing environment for their children to grow up. Specific requirements may be considered through credit. (a) tax incentives, such as tax, to improve the affordability of young families; Strengthen the renovation of old houses, increase the independent sanitation facilities, make rational use of building resources, respect the cultural characteristics of the city, and carry out the renovation of the old houses; Strengthen the construction of public rental housing, protect the housing conditions of young families, and gradually build a perfect housing rental system; Accelerating the pace of new urbanization to ensure the housing conditions of rural families; Strengthen the control of housing prices to prevent the generation effect and Matthew effect.
【学位授予单位】：上海师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.23

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