我国工资超劳动生产率增长背后的故事——基于省份面板模型的经验分析

发布时间：2018-03-12 19:27

  本文选题：工资　切入点：劳动生产率　出处：《北京师范大学学报(社会科学版)》2017年03期 　论文类型：期刊论文

【摘要】：近十多年来,我国实际工资增长率持续超过劳动生产率增长率。这种现象不仅和我国低劳动力成本优势的历史情况不符,也和经典的新古典理论相悖,值得深入研究。为此,本文首先纳入相对生产率、劳动力供给、劳动力转移、投资规模占比与投资结构三类五大结构因素,搭建工资与劳动生产率的非一致性变动分析框架,然后采集1998—2014年我国31个省份数据构建省份面板模型,从全国和地区两个层面定量揭示工资超劳动生产率增长背后的结构诱因及其驱动机理。研究发现:(1)从全国层面看,五大结构因素引入模型后,工资对劳动生产率的弹性下降40%以上,且每一结构因素均显著驱动工资超增长,但在趋势表现上有很大差异。(2)从地区层面看,劳动生产率水平越高的地区,结构因素对工资超增长的驱动作用越强。东部地区工资超增长的结构诱因是相对生产率的提高、劳动力供给和农村剩余劳动力的减少,中部地区的结构诱因是投资规模占比扩大,而西部地区的工资增长则较少受结构因素驱动。上述结论意味着:我国应在劳动生产率增长的基础上,充分挖掘和借助结构诱因促使劳动者工资合理增长,从而更好地实现共享发展。
[Abstract]:In the last decade or so, the growth rate of real wages in China has continued to exceed the growth rate of labor productivity. This phenomenon is not only inconsistent with the historical situation of the advantage of low labor costs in China, but also contradicts the classical neoclassical theory, which is worthy of further study. This paper first introduces five structural factors, namely relative productivity, labor force supply, labor force transfer, investment scale ratio and investment structure, and sets up an analytical framework of inconsistency between wage and labor productivity. Then the data of 31 provinces in China from 1998 to 2014 are collected to construct the provincial panel model to reveal quantitatively the structural inducement and its driving mechanism behind the wage surpassing labor productivity growth at the national and regional levels. After the introduction of the five structural factors into the model, the elasticity of wage to labor productivity decreases by more than 40%, and each structural factor significantly drives the wage overgrowth, but there is a great difference in trend performance. The higher the level of labor productivity, the stronger the driving force of structural factors on wage supergrowth. The structural inducement of wage supergrowth in eastern China is the increase of relative productivity, the decrease of labor supply and the reduction of rural surplus labor force. The structural inducement of the central region is the expansion of the scale of investment, while the wage growth in the western region is less driven by the structural factors. The above conclusion means that our country should base on the growth of labor productivity. Fully excavate and with the help of structural incentives to promote reasonable wage increase, thus better achieve shared development.
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本文编号：1602970