塔吉克斯坦劳务移民与侨汇研究

发布时间：2018-03-27 07:48

本文选题：塔吉克斯坦　切入点：劳务移民　出处：《新疆师范大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：独立后,塔吉克斯坦由于国内冲突和经济衰退的影响,难以为本国人口提供就业机会。2000年以后随着国际能源价格上涨,俄罗斯经济增长迅速,这为塔国人口提供了就业机会。其劳务移民数量迅猛增长。据调查,约20%塔吉克斯坦家庭就有一个成员在国外工作,约30%塔吉克男性适龄劳动人口参与劳务移民。塔吉克斯坦每年约12%人口选择出国寻求工作,它从2006年开始一直是全球接收侨汇量(占国内生产总值比例)最大的国家。被称为“世界上最依赖侨汇的国家”。虽然国内学者注意到塔国劳务移民与侨汇对该国经济社会发展的重要性,但目前还没有针对塔国劳务移民与侨汇进行系统的探究。鉴于此,本文在阅览国内外文献基础上,结合前人研究成果,对塔吉克斯坦劳务移民与侨汇进行系统研究。本文主要包括六部分,第一章主要回顾国内外移民与侨汇研究现状。第二章介绍相关概念和理论知识以及界定本文研究对象。第三章梳理塔国经济状况,为塔吉克斯坦民众为何选择出国寻找工作提供背景分析,从而为他们选择国外工作提供必然性;第四章对塔吉克斯坦劳务移民进行分析。包括:概括劳务移民的特征;分析其有条件、大规模选择劳务移民的现实性和可操作性;探讨劳务移民的影响;章末探析劳务移民前景。第五章分析塔吉克斯坦侨汇。主要由四节组成:概括塔吉克斯坦侨汇现状;分析侨汇带来的积极影响及消极影响;总结侨汇使用过程中存在的问题。第六章得出结论并提出有关建议。本文结论为:1、塔吉克斯坦由于投资环境欠佳、工业产值比重低、现代服务业少等原因,造成本国劳动力隐性失业率高,为他们选择出国寻找工作提供必然性。2、劳务移民增加就业机会,减轻国内就业压力,有利于降低贫困率,其寄回国内的汇款成为塔国第一大外汇来源。但从长期而言,年轻劳动力流失不利于该国经济发展。尽管塔吉克斯坦当下劳务移民面临困难,但短期内不会消失,会长期存在下去。3、侨汇可以保持国家政局稳定、社会安定,提高居民家庭消费水平,减少居民贫困率,并对公共财政产生积极的作用。但不可忽视它所带来的消极影响:第一,导致本国经济独立性不强,塔国经济容易受俄罗斯经济形势冲击;第二,引发本币实际汇率升值,造成商品竞争力下降;第三,促使央行管理货币效力下降,引发通货膨胀;第四,扩大贫富差距,提高相对贫困率。4、塔国依赖劳务移民和侨汇这种现状对该国经济发展长期不利,必须发展本国工业,带动就业。与此同时,应充分发挥侨汇的建设性作用,使其更好地服务于经济与社会发展。
[Abstract]:After independence, Tajikistan was unable to provide employment opportunities for its population due to the effects of civil conflict and economic recession. Since 2000, with the rise in international energy prices, Russia's economy has grown rapidly. This has provided employment opportunities for the population of Tajikistan, where the number of migrant workers is growing rapidly. According to a survey, about 20 percent of Tajik families have a member who works abroad. About 30 per cent of the working-age Tajik population is involved in labour migration. Each year, about 12 per cent of the population of Tajikistan choose to go abroad in search of work, It has been the world's largest recipient of remittances (as a percentage of GDP) since 2006. It is known as "the most dependent country in the world". The importance of economic and social development, However, there is no systematic research on labor migration and remittances from Tajikistan at present. In view of this, based on the review of domestic and foreign literature, this paper combines the previous research results. A systematic study of labor migration and remittances from Tajikistan. This paper mainly consists of six parts. The first chapter reviews the current situation of immigration and remittances research at home and abroad. The second chapter introduces the related concepts and theoretical knowledge and defines the object of this study. It provides the background analysis for the people of Tajikistan why they choose to go abroad to find a job, thus provides the inevitability for them to choose the work abroad. Chapter four analyzes the labor migration of Tajikistan, including: generalizing the characteristics of the labor migration; This paper analyzes its conditions, the reality and maneuverability of large-scale selection of labor migration, and probes into the influence of labor migration. At the end of the chapter, the author analyzes the prospect of labor migration. Chapter five analyzes the remittances in Tajikistan. It mainly consists of four sections: summarizing the current situation of remittances in Tajikistan, analyzing the positive and negative effects brought by remittances; This paper concludes that the investment environment of Tajikistan is poor, the proportion of industrial output is low, the proportion of industrial output is low, and so on. As a result of the high hidden unemployment rate of the domestic labor force, it is necessary for them to choose to go abroad to find work. The labor migrants increase employment opportunities, alleviate the domestic employment pressure, and contribute to reducing the poverty rate. Remittances to Tajikistan have become the country's largest source of foreign exchange. But in the long run, the loss of young workers is not conducive to the country's economic development. Despite the current difficulties faced by Tajikistan's labor migrants, it will not disappear in the short term. Will continue to exist for a long time, remittances can maintain the national political stability, social stability, raise the level of household consumption, reduce the poverty rate of residents, and have a positive impact on public finances. But we should not ignore its negative impact: first, As a result of the weak independence of the national economy, the economy of Tajikistan is vulnerable to the impact of the Russian economic situation; second, it causes the appreciation of the real exchange rate of the local currency, resulting in a decline in the competitiveness of commodities; Fourth, widening the gap between the rich and the poor and increasing the relative poverty rate of .4.The status quo of the country's dependence on labor migration and remittances is detrimental to the country's economic development for a long time. It is necessary to develop domestic industry and promote employment. At the same time, We should give full play to the constructive role of remittances so as to better serve economic and social development.
【学位授予单位】：新疆师范大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.365;D523.8

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