哈尔滨市失地农民再就业政策研究

发布时间：2018-04-01 03:09

本文选题：失地农民　切入点：再就业　出处：《哈尔滨商业大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：近年来,随着城市化进程的加快,越来越多的土地被摊大饼式的城市化进程吞噬,失地农民的数量大幅剧增;在长期以来的城乡二元结构背景下,失地农民与城市居民享受社会公共服务的权利呈现出明显的不平等。失地农民的再就业问题以及其他一系列的问题,困扰着小康社会的全面建成,成为社会和谐发展的重要因素,事关经济社会发展的全局。为了使失地农民成为城市化进程中真正的受益者,解决失地农民的再就业政策问题时不我待。文章从凯恩斯就业理论、就业公共服务理论、舒尔茨人力资本理论出发,通过对哈尔滨市失地农民再就业政策分析研究,阐述了当前哈尔滨市失地农民再就业政策的不完善,在制定过程中缺乏与政策客体的沟通互适,就业保障政策的覆盖面较窄;在执行过程中存在执行力度不足、跟踪问责机制缺位的现象;针对失地农民再就业的法律保障政策体系不健全、司法救助不到位。产生该现象的原因包括政策制定过程中失地农民的参与度不足、地方政府在政策执行中存在职能欠缺以及长期以来的城乡二元结构限制劳动力流通。解决失地农民的再就业问题,需要政府、社会组织及失地农民三方积极合作,通过完善征地补偿制度及就业安置政策、完善失地农民再就业培训问责机制、统筹城乡就业市场一体化发展、完善法律援助体系等多方面的努力。究其原因,是在城乡二元分割的大背景下,失地农民的市民化政策发育迟滞,失地农民在征地过程中的参与性不足较为被动,导致沟通不畅信息共享不及时;同时,政府为失地农民提供再就业的服务意愿不高,双向互适的再就业信息服务平台没有真正落实到位,执行力较弱;失地农民自身文化程度有限,职业培训又缺少时效性更多流于形式;另外,失地农民再就业法律法规政策保障不足,缺少必要的法律援助机构。在借鉴发达国家和国内其他城市在解决失地农民再就业政策问题上的成功经验的基础上,针对哈尔滨市失地农民再就业政策的不足,提出以下对策:第一,完善征地补偿机制及就业安置政策,建立双向沟通互适的失地农民再就业信息网,健全失地农民再就业信息服务平台;第二,完善失地农民再就业培训跟踪及问责机制;第三,统筹城乡一体化的劳动力市场,扩大就业保障政策的覆盖面,消除就业歧视;第四,完善现行的就业保障相关法律法规,并设立法律援助机构解决失地农民的就业纠纷,维护其合法权益。
[Abstract]:In recent years, with the acceleration of urbanization, more and more land has been swallowed up by the process of urbanization, and the number of land-lost farmers has increased dramatically; under the background of urban-rural dual structure for a long time,The rights of landless farmers and urban residents to enjoy social public services show obvious inequality.The problem of re-employment of landless farmers and a series of other problems puzzles the overall establishment of a well-off society and becomes an important factor for the harmonious development of the society, which is related to the overall situation of economic and social development.In order to make the land-lost farmers become the real beneficiaries in the process of urbanization, it is urgent to solve the problem of the re-employment policy of the land-lost farmers.Starting from Keynes' employment theory, employment public service theory and Schultz's human capital theory, this paper analyzes and studies the policy of reemployment of landless farmers in Harbin, and expounds the imperfections of the current policy of reemployment of landless farmers in Harbin.In the process of formulation, there is a lack of communication and mutual adaptation with the policy object, and the coverage of employment security policy is relatively narrow, and there is a lack of enforcement and tracking accountability mechanism in the process of implementation.The legal guarantee policy system for the land-lost farmers re-employment is not perfect and the judicial aid is not in place.The causes of this phenomenon include the lack of participation of landless farmers in the process of policy making, the lack of functions of local governments in the implementation of policies, and the long-standing dual structure of urban and rural areas restricting the circulation of labor.To solve the problem of re-employment of land-lost farmers, it is necessary for the government, social organizations and land-lost farmers to cooperate actively, and improve the system of compensation for land requisition and the policy of employment and resettlement, and improve the accountability mechanism for re-employment training of land-lost farmers.Coordinate the development of urban and rural employment market integration, improve the legal aid system and other efforts.The reason is that under the background of dual division of urban and rural areas, the development of land-lost farmers' civic policy is slow, the lack of participation of land-lost farmers in the process of land requisition is more passive, resulting in poor communication and information sharing is not timely; at the same time,The government's willingness to provide re-employment for landless farmers is not high, and the two-way mutually suitable re-employment information service platform has not really been put in place, and the execution ability is relatively weak, and the cultural level of landless farmers is limited.Vocational training is lack of timeliness and more formality; in addition, the lack of protection of laws, regulations and policies for the re-employment of landless farmers and the lack of necessary legal aid institutions.On the basis of the successful experience of developed countries and other cities in solving the problem of reemployment policy of land-lost farmers, the following countermeasures are put forward in view of the shortcomings of the policy of re-employment of land-lost farmers in Harbin: first,Improve land requisition compensation mechanism and employment resettlement policy, establish two-way communication and mutual appropriate land loss farmers re-employment information network, improve land loss farmers re-employment information service platform; second, improve land loss farmers retraining tracking and accountability mechanism; third,To coordinate the integration of urban and rural labor market, expand the coverage of employment security policies, eliminate employment discrimination; fourth, improve the existing laws and regulations related to employment security, and set up legal aid agencies to solve the employment disputes of landless farmers.To safeguard their legitimate rights and interests.
【学位授予单位】：哈尔滨商业大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.27

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