统筹水质和水量的水价问题研究

发布时间：2018-04-03 22:36

本文选题：水质　切入点：水量　出处：《浙江理工大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：水资源短缺制约着我国的经济发展,水价则是水资源需求侧管理的重要政策工具,而传统经济学仅是从水量出发,轻视甚至忽略水质,这造成了水资源的极大浪费。因而研究水质和水量相结合的水价问题具有重要意义。在研究已有文献的基础上,本文对水价的构成要素、定价机制以及定价方法作了总结、分析与展望。首先,本文基于公共物品理论、自然资本理论以及可持续发展理论,对水价相关文献进行研究。其次,本文梳理了水价的发展历程,分析研究了我国水价的现状及存在的问题,从水价的构成出发,指出水价构成的缺陷以及改进的方向,分析了我国全成本定价模型的不足,然后基于综合考虑自然因素、经济因素和社会因素对水资源价值的影响,充分考虑水质变化、水资源丰缺变化和产业发展要求等因素对水价问题的影响,建立一个市场化、动态化的统筹水质和水量的目标水价定价模型,并将该模型实际运用到测算居民生活用水水价。最后,在一系列理论分析和案例研究的基础之上,提出了统筹水质水量水价的对策建议,以期为水价的制定指明方向。本文的创新点主要有:第一,在以水量的定价模型的基础上,考虑了水质因素,构建了水质水量相结合的水价模型,即:此模型具有普适性,不仅可以测算居民生活用水水价,也适用于农业以及工业水价的测算。第二,本研究基于统筹水量和水质的水价模型基础之上,以杭州市居民生活用水为例做了测算,结果表明:居民用水水价应区分水质的优劣,按照不同的水量和不同的水质作为阶梯标准,不仅满足居民对水资源的需求,也实现对水质需求的效用最大化,并得出“优质优价,劣质低价”的结论。第三,基于统筹水质水量的定价分析,提出以下政策建议:(1)优化水价构成结构。在全成本水价的基础上,统筹水质水量有利于缓解水源性缺水和水质性缺水,明晰水价内部不合理的水价构成,指明各部分水价调控的方向;(2)统筹水质水量水价。鉴于我国水资源的稀缺性,制定水价要把水量放在首位,根据水资源的丰缺程度制定不同的水价,但不能单单只考虑水量,更要立足于用户的角度,根据不同行业对水质的需求,不仅要因地制宜,也要因“质”制宜;(3)科学确定水价高低。基于水价内部构成的视角,指明了资源水价、工程水价、污水治理成本以及水生态保护补偿价格的科学定价方向;(4)完善水价形成机制。分别从政府、市场以及公众的视角完善了水价形成机制的形成机理;(5)健全水价法律制度。在国家层面上,应尽快通过立法的程序将水价构成法律化、制度化,细化水价相关法律法规,切实解决好推行细化水价制度所面临的法律法规缺失的问题。
[Abstract]:The shortage of water resources restricts the economic development of our country. Water price is an important policy tool for water resources demand side management, but traditional economics only starts from water quantity, despises or even neglects water quality, which results in a great waste of water resources.Therefore, it is of great significance to study the water price problem combining water quality and quantity.Based on the existing literature, this paper summarizes, analyzes and looks forward to the constituent elements, pricing mechanism and pricing methods of water price.Firstly, based on the public goods theory, natural capital theory and sustainable development theory, this paper studies the water price related literature.Secondly, this paper combs the development course of water price, analyzes the current situation and existing problems of water price in our country, points out the defects of water price composition and the direction of improvement, and analyzes the deficiency of China's total cost pricing model.Then, based on the comprehensive consideration of the influence of natural factors, economic factors and social factors on the value of water resources, and fully considering the effects of water quality changes, changes in water resources abundance and shortage, and industrial development requirements on water prices, a market-oriented approach is established.The target water price pricing model of water quality and quantity is dynamically integrated, and the model is applied to the calculation of water price of domestic water.Finally, on the basis of a series of theoretical analysis and case studies, this paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions for the overall planning of water price of water quality and quantity, in order to point out the direction for the formulation of water price.The innovations of this paper are as follows: first, on the basis of the pricing model of water quantity, considering the water quality factors, the water price model combined with water quality and quantity is constructed, that is, this model is universal and can not only calculate the water price of domestic water.It also applies to the calculation of water price in agriculture and industry.Secondly, based on the water price model of overall water quantity and water quality, the author takes Hangzhou residents' domestic water use as an example to calculate the water price. The results show that the water price of residents should be distinguished between the quality of water and the quality of water.According to different quantity of water and different quality of water as ladder standard, not only meets the residents' demand for water resources, but also maximizes the utility of the demand for water quality, and draws the conclusion that "high quality and good price, inferior quality and low price".Thirdly, based on the pricing analysis of water quality and quantity, this paper puts forward the following policy recommendations: 1) optimizing the structure of water price.On the basis of the full cost water price, coordinating the water quality and quantity is helpful to alleviate the water shortage and water quality shortage, to make clear the unreasonable water price composition within the water price, and to point out the direction of water price regulation and control in each part (2) to coordinate the water price of water quality and quantity.In view of the scarcity of water resources in our country, water prices should be determined in the first place, and different water prices should be made according to the abundance and shortage of water resources. However, we should not only consider the quantity of water, but also base ourselves on the perspective of the users.According to the demand for water quality in different industries, water price should be determined scientifically not only according to local conditions, but also because of "quality".Based on the perspective of internal composition of water price, the paper points out the scientific pricing direction of resource water price, engineering water price, sewage treatment cost and water ecological protection compensation price.The formation mechanism of water price formation mechanism is improved from the perspective of government, market and public.At the national level, it is necessary to legalize and institutionalize the water price structure through the legislative procedure, to refine the relevant laws and regulations of water price, and to effectively solve the problem of the lack of laws and regulations faced by the implementation of the water price refinement system.
【学位授予单位】：浙江理工大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.24

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