大数据与小数据结合:信息时代城市研究方法探讨

发布时间：2018-05-03 08:28

本文选题：大数据 + 小数据　；参考：《地理科学》2017年03期

【摘要】：信息技术的快速发展引起了城市研究领域的"大数据"热潮,并带来了传统城市研究方法的变革。但是,其自身存在的诸多缺陷使得学者不得不重新考虑传统小数据的应用角色。但是,传统小数据并没有失去其应用价值,相反,以城市与居民行为活动关系研究为主体的信息时代的城市研究必要充分结合大数据与小数据,并探讨适宜的方法论与方法框架,从而应对日益复杂的城市问题和居民需求。提出"物质空间与活动空间结合"、"相关关系与因果关系结合"、"宏观分析与微观挖掘结合"的3个方法论,并在此基础上构建了"大样本空间发展评价+空间差异与联系发现+小样本影响因素探究"、"小样本模型构建+影响因素发现+大样本验证及挖掘"、"微观活动分析+活动空间界定+影响因素探究"3种方法框架,且分析了这些框架的具体应用,以期为未来的城市研究提供思路和方法借鉴。
[Abstract]:The rapid development of information technology has caused the upsurge of big data in the field of urban research, and brought about the transformation of traditional urban research methods. However, due to its own shortcomings, scholars have to reconsider the role of traditional small data applications. However, the traditional small data has not lost its application value. On the contrary, the urban research in the information age, which is based on the study of the relationship between city and resident behavior and activities, must fully combine big data and small data. The appropriate methodology and framework are discussed to deal with the increasingly complex urban problems and residents' needs. The three methods of "combination of material space and activity space", "combination of correlation and causality" and "combination of macro analysis and micro mining" are put forward. On the basis of this, the paper constructs "study on spatial difference of large sample spatial development evaluation and relation discovery small sample influence factor", "small sample model construction influence factor discovery large sample verification and mining", "microcosmic activity analysis" Study on the influencing factors in the definition of activity Space "three methodological frameworks," The concrete application of these frameworks is analyzed in order to provide ideas and methods for future urban research.
【作者单位】：南京大学建筑与城市规划学院;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金项目(41571146,41301166,41371149) 国家科技支撑计划课题(2015BAJ08B01)资助~~
【分类号】：F299.2

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