教育质量、户籍歧视与城乡劳动力工资差异--基于分位数回归与分解方法

发布时间：2018-05-03 09:09

本文选题：城乡劳动力 + 工资差异　；参考：基于分位数回归与分解方法

【摘要】：农民工是城镇劳动力市场中的重要参与主体,为推动经济社会发展、促进城市发展繁荣做出了重大贡献,但是农民工所获得的报酬与其付出的努力形成了巨大的反差,其工资水平与城镇工存在较大差距。中国长期实行的"城市偏向"政策使得城镇和农村教育质量存在明显差异,教育质量的差异形成了不同质的人力资本,进而导致进入城镇劳动力市场后的工资水平的差异。已有研究大多是基于工资差异均值层面的分析,分位数分解方法可以解析出工资差异随工资分布变化的情况,能够提供更加全面和深层的信息。因此,文章基于2012年中国劳动力动态调查数据,采用分位数回归与分解方法,考虑教育质量因素,实证分析城乡劳动力的工资差异。分位数回归的结果表明,教育质量对中等收入群体的工资有显著影响,中等收入群体面临的户籍歧视最小。进一步的分位数分解发现,城乡劳动力工资差异在不同工资分布位置上存在不对称现象,随着工资分布由低分位数向高分位数上升,城乡劳动力工资差异呈现先下降后上升的"U"型趋势,但高分位数的工资差异高于低分位数,城乡劳动力工资差异存在"天花板效应";城乡劳动力工资差异主要是由个人特征差异造成的,但户籍歧视也是存在的。以上结论的政策含义是,政府应加快二元户籍制度改革进程,营造公平、公正的就业环境,同时大力发展适宜农民工人力资本积累的职业培训和继续教育,多种渠道努力改善农民工的人力资本状况。
[Abstract]:Migrant workers are important participants in the urban labor market. They have made great contributions to promoting economic and social development and promoting the prosperity of urban development. However, the remuneration received by migrant workers has formed a huge contrast with their efforts. There is a big gap between the wage level and urban workers. The "urban bias" policy in China for a long time makes the quality of education in urban and rural areas obviously different, and the difference in education quality forms different human capital, which leads to the difference of wage level after entering the urban labor market. Most of the previous studies are based on the analysis of the average level of wage difference. The quantile decomposition method can analyze the change of wage difference with the distribution of wages and can provide more comprehensive and deep information. Therefore, based on the data of China Labor Force dynamic Survey in 2012, this paper adopts the quantile regression and decomposition method to analyze the wage difference between urban and rural labor force by taking into account the factors of education quality. The results of quantile regression show that the quality of education has a significant impact on the wages of the middle income group, and the middle income group faces the least discrimination in household registration. Further quantile decomposition shows that the wage difference between urban and rural labor force is asymmetric in different wage distribution positions, and increases with wage distribution from low quartile to high quartile. The wage difference between urban and rural labor showed a "U" trend of first decreasing and then rising, but the wage difference of high quartile was higher than that of low quartile. There is "ceiling effect" in the wage difference between urban and rural labor force, which is mainly caused by the difference of individual characteristics, but the discrimination of household registration also exists. The policy implication of the above conclusions is that the government should speed up the reform of the dual household registration system, create a fair and just employment environment, and vigorously develop vocational training and continuing education suitable for the accumulation of human capital of migrant workers. A variety of channels to improve the human capital of migrant workers.
【作者单位】：南京农业大学经济管理学院;中国粮食安全研究中心;
【基金】：国家自然科学基金重点项目(71361140370) 国家自然科学基金项目(71503107) 江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目的资助
【分类号】：D412.6;F249.2

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