工资、劳动生产率与制造业出口的结构变动

发布时间：2018-06-20 08:24

本文选题：劳动力成本 + 低技能劳动力　；参考：《产业经济研究》2017年05期

【摘要】：当前劳动力成本的上升会重构中国制造业内部各行业的相对竞争力,使制造业出口的结构发生变动。构建两部门模型分析了其中的机理:当前低技能劳动力工资的较快上涨,虽然能推动低技能劳动力密集型行业劳动生产率的增长,但依旧会促使要素从低技能劳动力密集型行业转移到高技能劳动力密集型行业。从2003—2014年制造业分行业数据中总结出的经验事实佐证了理论模型的推论:这期间的高技能劳动力密集型行业(而非资本密集型行业)的出口份额在增加。面板数据模型的回归结果表明:一个行业的工资增长对出口份额有显著的负面作用;对于工资增长较快的行业,虽然劳动生产率也增长得比较快,但出口份额的下降并不因此而改变。在劳动力成本上升的背景下,应推进制造业的转型,实现结构优化。
[Abstract]:The current rise in labor costs will restructure the relative competitiveness of various sectors within China's manufacturing industry and change the structure of manufacturing exports. A two-sector model is constructed to analyze the mechanism: the rapid rise in the wages of low-skilled labor force, although it can promote the growth of labor productivity in low-skilled labor-intensive industries. But it still drives the shift from low-skilled labor-intensive to high-skilled labor-intensive industries. Empirical facts from the manufacturing subsector data for 2003-2014 support the theoretical model's reasoning: the export share of highly skilled labour-intensive industries (rather than capital-intensive industries) has increased during this period. The regression results of panel data model show that wage growth in an industry has a significant negative effect on export share, while for industries with faster wage growth, labor productivity also increases more rapidly. But the decline in export share has not changed. Under the background of rising labor cost, the transformation of manufacturing industry should be promoted and structural optimization should be realized.
【作者单位】：安徽工业大学商学院;南京审计大学经济与贸易学院;
【基金】：江苏高校哲学社会科学研究重点项目(2014ZDIXM016) 国家社科基金一般项目(15BJL044) 教育部人文社会科学研究规划项目(16YJA790012) 安徽省高校人文社科重点项目(SK2016A0170) 江苏高校“青蓝工程”资助(苏教办师[2017]5号)
【分类号】：F249.24;F424

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