昆明市主城区居住空间分异研究

发布时间：2018-06-30 00:37

本文选题：居住空间分异 + 城市贫困　；参考：《云南财经大学》2017年硕士论文

【摘要】：城市居住空间分异是指不同特性的人群居住在不同区域的一种居住现象,它是城市社会空间分异的一个方面。随着国有和集体企业的改革以及户籍制度的实施,我国城市贫困人口除了传统的无固定生活来源、无劳动能力、无法定赡养人的“三无人员”外,还有就是转型时期的新的贫困人口,即改革带来的大量下岗或在岗低收入职工以及户籍制度导致的外来务工人员。贫困人群的种类和数量的增加,使得城市居民在居住空间上也出现更大的复杂性,众多研究表明,我国一线城市出现了不同程度的居住空间分异。本文选取西南地区的昆明市其主城四区作为研究区域,在对昆明市区的城市贫困以及贫困的居住空间有了现场调研的基础上,利用行政区划上分区分街道获取住宅小区,通过对云博地产和新亚地产两个房产中介的电话和实地调研,以及58同城、安居客房产和赶集网三个租房网站获取的住宅小区的房租数据来揭示昆明市主城区居住空间分异的程度,以及是否出现了一定规模的贫困邻里住区。昆明市主城区总共有四个行政区,分别是五华、盘龙、西山和官渡区,四个区总共有42个街道。本文总共获取了343个住宅小区的1031个房租数据。在数据处理上,先对获取的住宅小区在地理上定位,利用ArcGis中的克里金空间插值法对主城四区获取的房租数据进行插值,获得了昆明市主城区房租的等值线图。研究结果揭示了昆明市居住空间分异的特征:第一,昆明市房租是以市中心地区向周边地区呈现明显的下降趋势,这种特征符合城市经济学中的AMM模型;第二,主城区出现了市中心和滇池片区两个高价中心,这主要是受到区位条件和环境条件影响;第三,主城区还出现了四个明显的低价中心,根据对四个低值区的地理定位,发现四个低值区内基本上是城中村、内城老旧小区、保障性住房小区等低收入住区。这些低收入住区分布较为连片集中,形成了一定规模,即城市贫困邻里,从而导致了低价中心的形成。在获取对主城区房租的等值线后,为进一步解释昆明市居住空间分异特征的形成原因,论文对主城区的租金进行空间自相关分析。当P=0.0230时,符合0.01P0.05的显著性区间,此时Moran’s I=0.125085,研究结果表明昆明市主城区在整体上空间自相关性较小。这就更加说明插值出现的低值区受周边相关性影响很小,之所以形成低价中心是由这一地区低收入住区集中连片分布,形成一定规模导致的。在以上定量分析的基础上,论文通过梳理昆明市居住分异的发展历程发现,转型期的制度因素以及城市封闭邻里关系等因素都是导致居住空间明显分异的原因。本文最后分别从城中村改造、保障性住区选址以及完善贫困住区基础设施的角度提出建议,希望可以缓解居住空间分异程度。
[Abstract]:Urban residential space differentiation refers to the different characteristics of people living in different areas of a residential phenomenon, it is a aspect of urban social spatial differentiation. With the reform of state-owned and collective enterprises and the implementation of the household registration system, the urban poor population in our country, except for the traditional lack of a fixed source of livelihood, the ability to work, and the inability to determine the "three no people" to support them, There are also the new poor in the transitional period, that is, the large number of laid-off or low-income workers brought by the reform, as well as the migrant workers caused by the household registration system. With the increase of the types and the number of poor people, urban residents also have more complexity in living space. Many studies show that there are different living spaces in first-tier cities in China. In this paper, four districts of Kunming City in Southwest China are selected as the research area. On the basis of field investigation of urban poverty and poor living space in Kunming urban area, the residential district is obtained by dividing streets into streets in administrative divisions, on the basis of on-the-spot investigation of urban poverty and poor living space in Kunming urban area. Through telephone and field research on two real estate agents, Yunbo Real Estate and New Asia Real Estate, as well as 58.com, The rent data obtained by the three rental websites of Anjuke and Gaoji net reveal the degree of the difference of living space in the main urban area of Kunming and whether there is a certain scale of poor neighborhood. There are four districts in Kunming, Wuhua, Panlong, Xishan and Guandu, with 42 streets. In this paper, a total of 343 residential areas of 1031 rental data. In the aspect of data processing, firstly, the location of the acquired residential district is located geographically, and the rent data obtained from the four districts of the main city are interpolated by using the Kriging space interpolation method in ArcGis, and the isoline map of the rent in the main urban area of Kunming is obtained. The research results reveal the characteristics of residential space differentiation in Kunming. Firstly, rent in Kunming city presents an obvious downward trend towards the surrounding areas in the city centre, which accords with the AMM model in urban economics. There are two high price centers in the main urban area and the Dianchi Lake area, which are mainly affected by the location conditions and environmental conditions. Thirdly, there are also four obvious low price centers in the main urban area, according to the geographical positioning of the four low-value areas. It is found that the four low value areas are basically villages in city, old residential areas in inner cities, affordable housing areas and other low-income residential areas. The distribution of these low-income settlements is relatively concentrated, forming a certain scale, that is, the poor neighborhood of the city, which leads to the formation of low-price center. After obtaining the isoline of rent of main urban area, in order to further explain the reason of the difference of residential space in Kunming, the paper carries on the spatial autocorrelation analysis to the rent of main urban area. When P = 0.0230, it accords with the significant interval of 0.01P0.05, and at this time Morans Igna 0.125085. the result shows that the spatial autocorrelation of Kunming city is small on the whole. This shows that the low value region of interpolation is little affected by the peripheral correlation, and the formation of low price center is caused by the centralized distribution of low income residential areas in this area and the formation of certain scale. On the basis of the above quantitative analysis, through combing the development course of the residential differentiation in Kunming, it is found that the institutional factors in the transition period and the urban closed neighborhood relationship are the reasons leading to the obvious differentiation of living space. In the end, this paper puts forward some suggestions from the aspects of village transformation, location selection and improvement of infrastructure in poor residential areas, hoping to alleviate the degree of residential space differentiation.
【学位授予单位】：云南财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F299.23

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