新型城镇化进程中就业结构优化问题研究
发布时间：2018-08-01 10:12
【摘要】：新型城镇化的核心是“人的城镇化”,农业人口在城镇实现就业是实现人的城镇化的一个重要任务。就业关乎人的生存发展、关乎一国国计民生,劳动力就业问题一直是社会各界关注的焦点。经典经济学理论表明,劳动力作为一种生产要素,在市场经济下可以自由流动,提高资源配置效率。就业结构即劳动力的分配结构,是经济结构的一个重要组成部分,其优化发展与一个国家或地区经济发展程度密切相关。就业结构优化是新型城镇化发展的一个重要方面。近年来,我国城镇化发展迅速。根据《国家新型城镇化报告》,2015年我国拥有城镇人口77116万人,城镇化率达到56.1%,高于世界平均水平1.2个百分比,但与发达国家80%的水平依然有很大差距。在城镇化进程中,受“西部大开发”、“中部崛起”、“东部转型”、“振兴东北老工业基地”战略影响,各地区的产业结构与就业结构也都渐趋向合理化方向发展,但各地区就业结构差异明显且普遍存在就业结构滞后于产业结构的问题。另外,城镇化发展加快了农村劳动力转移,但农村与城镇就业结构差距大,城乡就业结构二元特性明显。就业结构存在问题在一定程度上影响我国和谐社会的构建,也阻碍着我国新型城镇化的发展。鉴于此,展开新型城镇化进程中就业结构优化问题研究,继而提出相关的政策和建议。首先,本文采用文献分析法对文章所涉及的定义及理论基础进行阐述,其中理论基础包括:马克思就业理论、配第-克拉克定理、刘易斯二元发展模式、钱纳里“标准结构”等。同时,梳理反映城镇化发展、产业结构及就业结构关系的理论。其次,通过数据搜寻整理,对中国在新型城镇化推进过程中的就业结构优化进行动态分析,利用协调性系数,分析我国就业结构与产业结构的偏离,探索造成偏离的原因。再次,从城乡二元就业结构与区域就业结构差异两个维度来分析我国就业结构存在的问题。一方面,对比我国城镇与农村的产业结构、就业结构和协调性系数,了解城乡就业结构的二元特性;另一方面,对比我国各地区在2002-2014年新型城镇化发展阶段的发展成果及优化程度,了解区域就业结构差异。最后,根据定量数据分析表明,在新型城镇化进程中,我国城乡及各地区的就业结构与产业结构都不断优化,协调性也有所提升,体现出新型城镇化发展对就业结构优化的促进作用;但城乡与区域间的就业结构与产业结构还不尽完善,故从城乡二元就业结构与区域就业结构差异两个维度入手,提出政策措施,逐步消除城乡就业结构的二元性、缩小区域就业结构的差距,加快推进新型城镇化发展进程。
[Abstract]:The core of new urbanization is "human urbanization", and it is an important task for agricultural population to obtain employment in cities and towns. Employment is related to the survival and development of human beings and to the national economy and people's livelihood of a country. The employment of labor force has always been the focus of attention of all walks of life. The classical economic theory shows that labor force, as a factor of production, can flow freely under the market economy and improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Employment structure, which is the distribution structure of labor force, is an important part of economic structure, and its optimal development is closely related to the degree of economic development of a country or region. The optimization of employment structure is an important aspect of the development of new urbanization. In recent years, China's urbanization has developed rapidly. According to the National New urbanization report, China has a population of 771.16 million people in cities and towns in 2015, and the urbanization rate reaches 56.1 percent, which is 1.2 percent higher than the world average level, but still has a big gap with the level of 80 percent in developed countries. In the course of urbanization, under the influence of the strategy of "the development of the western region", "the rise of the central region", "the transformation of the east" and "revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China", the industrial structure and employment structure of various regions are also gradually moving towards the direction of rationalization. However, there are obvious differences in employment structure between different regions and the problem that employment structure lags behind industrial structure. In addition, the development of urbanization accelerates the transfer of rural labor force, but the gap between rural and urban employment structure is large, and the dual characteristics of urban and rural employment structure are obvious. The existing problems of employment structure affect the construction of harmonious society in China to some extent, and hinder the development of new urbanization in China. In view of this, the research on the optimization of employment structure in the process of new urbanization is carried out, and the relevant policies and suggestions are put forward. First of all, this paper uses the literature analysis method to explain the definition and theoretical basis of the article, including: Marx's employment theory, coupled with the Clark theorem, Lewis dual development model. Chennari, Standard structure, etc. At the same time, combing reflects the development of urbanization, industrial structure and employment structure of the relationship between the theory. Secondly, through the data search and collation, this paper makes a dynamic analysis on the optimization of the employment structure in the process of the new urbanization in China, analyzes the deviation between the employment structure and the industrial structure of our country by using the coordination coefficient, and explores the causes of the deviation. Thirdly, the problems of employment structure in China are analyzed from two dimensions: urban and rural dual employment structure and regional employment structure difference. On the one hand, comparing the industrial structure, employment structure and coordination coefficient between urban and rural areas, to understand the dual characteristics of urban and rural employment structure; on the other hand, By comparing the development results and the optimization degree of the new urbanization in different regions of China from 2002 to 2014, we can find out the difference of regional employment structure. Finally, according to quantitative data analysis, in the process of new urbanization, the employment structure and industrial structure of China's urban and rural areas are constantly optimized, and the coordination is also improved. It shows that the development of new urbanization promotes the optimization of employment structure, but the employment structure and industrial structure between urban and rural areas are not perfect, so it starts from the two dimensions of urban and rural dual employment structure and regional employment structure difference. Policy measures should be put forward to eliminate the duality of urban and rural employment structure, narrow the gap between regional employment structure and accelerate the development of new urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2
本文编号：2157239
[Abstract]:The core of new urbanization is "human urbanization", and it is an important task for agricultural population to obtain employment in cities and towns. Employment is related to the survival and development of human beings and to the national economy and people's livelihood of a country. The employment of labor force has always been the focus of attention of all walks of life. The classical economic theory shows that labor force, as a factor of production, can flow freely under the market economy and improve the efficiency of resource allocation. Employment structure, which is the distribution structure of labor force, is an important part of economic structure, and its optimal development is closely related to the degree of economic development of a country or region. The optimization of employment structure is an important aspect of the development of new urbanization. In recent years, China's urbanization has developed rapidly. According to the National New urbanization report, China has a population of 771.16 million people in cities and towns in 2015, and the urbanization rate reaches 56.1 percent, which is 1.2 percent higher than the world average level, but still has a big gap with the level of 80 percent in developed countries. In the course of urbanization, under the influence of the strategy of "the development of the western region", "the rise of the central region", "the transformation of the east" and "revitalizing the old industrial base in Northeast China", the industrial structure and employment structure of various regions are also gradually moving towards the direction of rationalization. However, there are obvious differences in employment structure between different regions and the problem that employment structure lags behind industrial structure. In addition, the development of urbanization accelerates the transfer of rural labor force, but the gap between rural and urban employment structure is large, and the dual characteristics of urban and rural employment structure are obvious. The existing problems of employment structure affect the construction of harmonious society in China to some extent, and hinder the development of new urbanization in China. In view of this, the research on the optimization of employment structure in the process of new urbanization is carried out, and the relevant policies and suggestions are put forward. First of all, this paper uses the literature analysis method to explain the definition and theoretical basis of the article, including: Marx's employment theory, coupled with the Clark theorem, Lewis dual development model. Chennari, Standard structure, etc. At the same time, combing reflects the development of urbanization, industrial structure and employment structure of the relationship between the theory. Secondly, through the data search and collation, this paper makes a dynamic analysis on the optimization of the employment structure in the process of the new urbanization in China, analyzes the deviation between the employment structure and the industrial structure of our country by using the coordination coefficient, and explores the causes of the deviation. Thirdly, the problems of employment structure in China are analyzed from two dimensions: urban and rural dual employment structure and regional employment structure difference. On the one hand, comparing the industrial structure, employment structure and coordination coefficient between urban and rural areas, to understand the dual characteristics of urban and rural employment structure; on the other hand, By comparing the development results and the optimization degree of the new urbanization in different regions of China from 2002 to 2014, we can find out the difference of regional employment structure. Finally, according to quantitative data analysis, in the process of new urbanization, the employment structure and industrial structure of China's urban and rural areas are constantly optimized, and the coordination is also improved. It shows that the development of new urbanization promotes the optimization of employment structure, but the employment structure and industrial structure between urban and rural areas are not perfect, so it starts from the two dimensions of urban and rural dual employment structure and regional employment structure difference. Policy measures should be put forward to eliminate the duality of urban and rural employment structure, narrow the gap between regional employment structure and accelerate the development of new urbanization.
【学位授予单位】：吉林大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2
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