重庆市新生代农民工就业稳定性及其对工资收入的影响研究

发布时间：2018-08-18 08:16

【摘要】：在中国二元经济结构下产生了农民工这一特殊群体,伴随着中国新型工业化道路进程的不断推进,越来越多的农村劳动力转移到城市务工。相对而言,农民工文化素质较低、缺乏专业的知识和技术,再加上其他各种因素,农民工在城市就业过程中面临各种困难,同时也暴露出各种问题,整体就业稳定性相对较差。因此,非常有必要探究当前我国农民工就业稳定性以及其影响因素。随着时间推移,农民工群体出现了代际间的差异。国内很多学者也从代际差异视角研究农民工群体就业问题。但是多数学者集中在老一代农民工就业问题和新老农民工的对比研究,对新生代农民工就业的研究比较少,特别是对就业稳定性的研究。对于新生代农民工的就业稳定性,还需更加深入的研究。由于不同地区的经济发展程度不同,农民工在择业和就业的过程中表现出的特征存在差异,导致影响农民工就业稳定性的因素可能不同。重庆市作为西部地区的代表城市,研究影响重庆市新生代农民工就业稳定性的因素,探讨重庆市新生代农民工就业稳定性与其工资收入之间的关系,对经济比较落后的西部地区具有借鉴意义。本文基于问卷调查和访谈的形式对重庆市的新生代农民工进行调研。首先,用总换工次数和每份工作的平均持续时间指标测量了重庆市新生代农民工的就业稳定性。结果表明:重庆市新生代农民工在最近三年平均换工次数为2.70次,最近三年每份工作平均持续时间为0.87年。在务工过程中的整体就业稳定性比较差,就业稳定性需进一步提高。然后,建立二元Logistic模型分析影响新生代农民工就业稳定性的影响因素。结果表明:新生代农民工的性别、平均月工资收入、工作时长、工作环境满意度、参加培训情况和劳动合同签订情况这6个因素对其就业稳定性具有显著影响,其余8个影响因素均未通过显著性。最后,通过有序多变量Logistic回归模型分析稳定的就业对新生代农民工收入的影响。结果表明:新生代农民工的就业稳定性对低工资收入水平具有不确定性,对高收入水平具有正向影响,在整体趋势上有助于工资收入的提高。因此,提高重庆市新生代农民工当前的就业稳定性具有实际意义。本文最后根据实证结论,分别从政府、企业和农民工个体层面分别提出促进就业稳定性的相关对策建议。政府层面,进一步分区域完善落户条件,取消农业户口和非农户口的区分;更加规范劳动合同,从根本上确保新生代农民工的合法权益;建立正常的工资增长机制,制止拖欠工资;加强扶持中小企业,创造更多的就业机会。企业层面,规范工作时长,根据劳动者的个人情况,制定合理的工作时间;企业在确定工资水平时,严格以国家的相关法律法规为基础,确保企业的薪资水平能体现出新生代农民工的劳动价值。农民工个体层面,认清当前的就业形势和自身的特点,树立一个正确的择业观念;积极利用各种机会参加有利于自身水平提高的技能培训,通过职业技能的提高获得更高的报酬。
[Abstract]:Under the dual economic structure of China, a special group of migrant workers has emerged. With the continuous advancement of China's new industrialization process, more and more rural laborers are transferring to urban areas to work. The employment stability of migrant workers in China is relatively poor. Therefore, it is necessary to explore the employment stability of migrant workers and its influencing factors. With the passage of time, there are inter-generational differences among migrant workers. Many domestic scholars also study farmers from the perspective of inter-generational differences. But most scholars concentrate on the employment problem of the old generation of migrant workers and the comparative study of the new and old migrant workers. The research on the employment of the new generation of migrant workers is less, especially on the stability of employment. As a representative city in Western China, Chongqing, as a representative city, studies the factors affecting the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing, and explores the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing. This paper investigates the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing based on questionnaire and interview. Firstly, the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers in Chongqing is measured by the total number of job changes and the average duration of each job. The results show that the average number of new generation migrant workers in Chongqing is 2.70 in the last three years and the average duration of each job is 0.87 in the last three years. The results show that the gender, average monthly wage, working hours, job environment satisfaction, training and labor contract signing of the new generation of migrant workers have a significant impact on their employment stability, the other eight factors have not passed the significant. Finally, through the orderly multivariate logistic regression. The results show that the employment stability of the new generation of migrant workers has uncertainties on the level of low-wage income, has a positive impact on the level of high-income, and is conducive to the increase of wage income in the overall trend. Finally, according to the empirical conclusions, this paper puts forward the relevant countermeasures and suggestions to promote employment stability from the government, enterprises and individual level of migrant workers. The legitimate rights and interests of the new generation of migrant workers; the establishment of a normal wage growth mechanism to stop wage arrears; strengthening support for small and medium-sized enterprises to create more employment opportunities. On the individual level, the peasant workers should recognize the current employment situation and their own characteristics, establish a correct concept of employment; actively take advantage of various opportunities to participate in skills training conducive to their own level of improvement, through the improvement of vocational skills to obtain higher. Pay for it.
【学位授予单位】：西南大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F323.6;F249.27

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