快递末端配送模式分析与优化研究

发布时间：2018-08-28 07:40

【摘要】：中国快递业务量随着互联网购物的大发展飞速增长。快递业务量的猛增,需求多样性的丰富,末端配送的问题随之显现。末端配送因其成本占比大,并且最接近客户而成为各快递服务商最重视的环节,也是最为迫切需要优化的环节。本文以优化“最后一公里”配送为目的,根据消费者对末端配送的服务需求情况做调查和统计分析,在满足客户需求的前提下,分析已有配送模式的优势与劣势,提出取送分离的末端配送模式。具体,主要研究内容如下:首先,通过大量阅读文献与现状报道,系统的分析了国内外末端配送现状及快递服务商采取的配送模式,综合了末端配送的外环境、客户需求特点、模式适用性、模式的优劣势。总结出目前配送模式归为两类即直接配送模式(Directly deliver,DD)与自主提货模式(Self-servicePickup,SP),为研究末端配送模式提供了理论参考。其次,从实际问题出发,以理论与调查结合的方式,对快递服务商、区域客户、快递末端配送需求详细分析、分类及优化。通过发放互联网有偿问卷,实地访问海淀区快递服务商B公司,收集可靠数据信息后对调研数据交叉、聚类分析,按照区域功能特点,客户职业特点划分群体,为提出取送分离的末端配送模式提供数据依据。进而确定快递末端配送优化中的成本内容、影响因素,提出优化原则和优化方案。基于实际调研与已有的优化理论,提出文本核心的优化模型,以成本最小为目标的取送分离快递末端配送模型(the model of separating directly deliver and self-pickup in terminal delivery)。该模式从需求角度出发,以距离预判区域需求的概率分布,满足区域客户需求的同时,减少二次投递率,配送总成本降低。依据目前自主提货模式具有明显的规模效益、成本节约、提高配送效率的优势,因此采取在满足客户需求前提下,尽量将包裹以自提形式配送。模型将DD与SP,两种配送模式约束分开,并应用遗传算法双层编码的方式,分别对两层求解。最后,验证模型的正确性和算法的效率,实例证明该模式较传统模式降低成本约 23%。
[Abstract]:With the rapid development of Internet shopping, express delivery business in China is growing rapidly. The rapid increase of express delivery business, the rich diversity of demand, terminal distribution problems appear. Because of its large cost and closest to customers, terminal distribution has become the most important link of express service providers, and it is also the most urgent need to optimize the link. In order to optimize the "last kilometer" distribution, according to the customer's demand for terminal distribution, this paper makes an investigation and statistical analysis, and analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of the existing distribution mode under the premise of satisfying the customer's demand. The terminal distribution mode of take-away separation is proposed. Specifically, the main research contents are as follows: first, through a large number of reading literature and current reports, the paper systematically analyzes the domestic and foreign terminal distribution status and delivery mode adopted by express service providers, synthesizing the external environment of terminal distribution, customer demand characteristics. The applicability of the model, the advantages and disadvantages of the model. It is concluded that the current distribution mode is divided into two categories, namely, direct distribution mode (Directly deliver,DD) and independent delivery mode (Self-servicePickup,SP), which provides a theoretical reference for the study of terminal distribution mode. Secondly, from the point of view of practical problems, this paper analyzes, classifies and optimizes the needs of express service providers, regional customers and express terminal distribution by combining theory with investigation. By issuing paid questionnaires on the Internet, visiting company B, a courier service provider in Haidian District, collecting reliable data and information, crossing the investigation data, clustering analysis, dividing groups according to the regional functional characteristics and the professional characteristics of customers, It provides the data basis for putting forward the terminal distribution mode of take-away separation. Furthermore, the cost content, influencing factors, optimization principle and optimization scheme are determined. Based on the actual investigation and the existing optimization theory, the text core optimization model is proposed, and the terminal delivery model (the model of separating directly deliver and self-pickup in terminal delivery)., which takes the minimum cost as the goal, is proposed. From the point of view of demand, this model can reduce the secondary delivery rate and reduce the total cost of distribution by distance from the probability distribution of regional demand to meet the needs of regional customers. According to the obvious scale benefit, cost saving and the advantage of improving the distribution efficiency of the current independent delivery mode, the package should be distributed as far as possible under the premise of satisfying the customer's demand. The model separates the constraints of DD and SP, and applies the two-layer coding method of genetic algorithm to solve the problem. Finally, the correctness of the model and the efficiency of the algorithm are verified. The example shows that the cost of the model is about 23% lower than that of the traditional model.
【学位授予单位】：北京交通大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F259.2

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