基于工资风险法对我国劳动力生命价值的估计

发布时间：2018-11-23 10:56

【摘要】：本文研究统计学意义上我国人口的生命价值。文章基于2012年中国综合社会调查数据,采用工资风险法,建立享乐主义工资模型,对我国劳动者的生命价值进行测度。本文不仅对我国劳动力生命价值进行全面的测度,还要按照城乡、地区、行业等情况划分,分部探讨各个情况下我国劳动者生命价值的具体情况。文章测得我国劳动力的平均生命价值为5751.3万元,即相当于2000年694.77万美元。这一数值远远高于国内外学者对我国劳动力生命价值的估算值,该数值也远高于目前我国死亡赔付标准。我国法律条款规定无论是职工伤亡还是意外事故死亡,赔付标准都是以劳动者工资为标准进行一定倍数的补偿。现行的伤亡赔偿机制标准存在着不小的问题,它只考虑了个体生命价值中的劳动价值因素,忽略了人的社会价值以及个体对自己的价值判断。此外,我国的死亡赔偿金额远远低于国外发达国家。国内计算赔偿金方法单一,一般与所在地区平均工资挂钩,精神损害抚慰金也非常低,而国外计算赔偿金额的方法比较复杂,考虑因素更加全面。本文所测算出来的生命价值估算值虽然不能直接成为死亡赔偿标准,但是能为衡量个体生命价值以及评估加强安全措施所带来的收益提供重要依据,来弥补当前赔偿标准的不足。我国未来的赔偿体系也应该多借鉴西方发达国家的经验,努力提高我国人口在死亡赔偿方面的待遇。我国城镇劳动力生命价值是农村的3倍左右,暴露出我国城乡居民收入严重不平等的残酷现实。我国人口的生命价值在东、中、西部地区之间也存在差异。目前我国的法律对于致命事故的赔偿标准在城乡以及不同地区的巨大差异也非常不合理。一方面,政府应该投入更多的教育经费和基础设施建设在农村以及中西部偏远地区,提高这些地区的劳动工人的平均工资;另一方面,我国现行的赔偿法律应该结合地方差异做出修改,使得其更加公平。普通行业劳动者的生命的统计学价值是危险行业劳动者的2倍左右,而危险行业的平均工资并不低,这暴露出我国危险行业存在严重的劳动收入的差别化问题。高的利润被行业少数人垄断,而大部分底层的劳动者得不到与工作风险强度匹配的劳动收入。国家应该出台专门针对危险行业的法律条款,以保护这些行业底层劳动者的权益。此外,针对高危行业领域例如煤矿、化工、建筑工地事故频发的情况,国家应该进一步完善问责机制,同时充分考虑遇难者的家庭社会情况,提高在事故中遇难的职工的赔偿金额,督促企业加强生产安全的法律条款也应该落实到位。参加工会的职工生命价值远高于没有参加工会的职工,这充分说明了工会对于提高劳动力生命价值的正面作用。参加工会的员工比没参加工会的员工更熟悉行业的风险,更具备与公司谈判工资的能力。国内的工会组织性质与西方国家也相去甚远,规模更是不可同日而语。因此,我认为我国有必要学习西方发达国家的工会组织模式,以更好地保护劳动者的利益。
[Abstract]:This paper studies the vital value of the population in the statistical sense. Based on the data of China's comprehensive social survey in 2012, the wage risk method is used to establish the hedonism salary model and measure the life value of the workers in our country. This paper not only makes a comprehensive measure of the value of the labor life of our country, but also divides the labor life value of our country according to the situation of urban and rural, district and industry. The average life value of China's labor force is 5751 million yuan, which is equivalent to US $694.77 million in 2000. This value is much higher than that of domestic and foreign scholars on the value of our country's labor life, which is also much higher than the current standard of death compensation in our country. The legal provisions of our country stipulate that whether the worker or the worker is dead or the accident is dead, the compensation standard is to make a certain multiple of compensation based on the worker's salary. The existing standard of casualty compensation is a problem, which only takes into account the labor value of the individual's life value, and ignores the human's social value and the individual's judgment on the value of the individual's value. In addition, the amount of death compensation in our country is far lower than that of the developed countries. The method of compensation for compensation in the country is single, which is usually linked to the average wage of the area in which the compensation fund is located. The method for calculating the amount of compensation abroad is more complex and the factors are more comprehensive. Although the estimated value of the life value can not be directly the death compensation standard, it can provide an important basis for measuring the value of the individual's life and evaluating the benefits of strengthening the safety measures to make up for the deficiency of the current compensation standard. The future compensation system of our country should also draw on the experience of the western developed countries, and improve the treatment of our country's population in the aspect of death compensation. The life value of the urban labor force in our country is about three times that of the rural area, which exposes the cruel reality of the serious and non-equal income of the urban and rural residents in our country. The life value of the population in our country is also different between the east, the middle and the west. At present, the law of our country is very unreasonable for the compensation standard of the fatal accident in urban and rural areas and in different areas. On the one hand, the government should put more education on education and infrastructure in the rural areas and remote areas of the central and western regions to increase the average wage of the working workers in these areas; on the other hand, the current compensation law in China should be modified in combination with local differences, making it more equitable. The statistics value of the life of the workers in the general industry is about 2 times that of the workers in the dangerous industry, and the average wage of the dangerous industry is not low, which exposes the differential problem of the serious labor income in the dangerous industry in our country. High profits are monopolized by the industry's few, and most of the workers at the bottom do not have a labor income that matches the job's risk of work. The State should introduce legal provisions specifically for hazardous industries in order to protect the rights and interests of the workers in these sectors. in addition, in that case of frequent accident in the field of high-risk industry, such as coal mine, chemical industry and construction site, the state should further improve the accountability mechanism, take full account of the families and social situation of the victims, and increase the compensation amount of the workers killed in the accident, The legal provisions that urge the enterprise to strengthen the production safety should also be put into place. The value of life of the workers participating in the trade union is much higher than that of the workers who do not participate in the trade union, which fully illustrates the positive role of the trade union in raising the value of the life of the labor force. Employees who participate in trade unions are more familiar with the risks of the industry than those who do not participate in trade unions, and have the ability to negotiate wages with the company. The nature of the trade union organization in the country is far from that of the western countries, and the scale is not the same. Therefore, I think it is necessary for our country to study the trade union model of the western developed countries in order to better protect the interests of the workers.
【学位授予单位】：浙江财经大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2017
【分类号】：F249.2;D412.6

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