新农保从形式普惠到实质公平的实施路径研究

发布时间：2018-02-03 20:30

本文关键词： 新农保形式普惠实质公平替代率收入再分配　出处：《上海工程技术大学》2014年硕士论文　论文类型：学位论文

【摘要】：中国既是一个经济迅速发展的农业大国，又是一个老龄化严重的人口大国，国家的崛起、人民的幸福正如国家离不开经济事业的进步，人民离不开保障事业的进步。所以老年人的养老问题成为社会关注的热点，特别是中国作为传统的农业国家，农民的民生、养老问题关系着整个社会保障事业的前进步伐。新农保的出台是国家为了逐步解决农村居民老有所养问题的重要改革，也是社会养老保险的重要组成部分。新农保基本原则是“保基本、全覆盖、有弹性、可持续”，这一方面体现了普惠性特征，但能否缩小利益配置差距很难贸然定论，因为只有公平的惠民制度才能得到支持、认同，才能有效地维护农户的养老权益。目前，虽然有大量的专家学者对新农保都有研究，但对如何实现公平的角度各不相同，并且在研究路径上选择从新农保替代率、收入再分配入手的少有人涉及。文章以实现新农保实质公平为出发点，通过问卷调研、精算等方式分析农民的保障现状，从个人收益率、缴费率与政府的补贴额度和经济增长水平，给出了实现公平的对策和建议，以求在基本实现“形式普惠”的条件下尽早实现“实质公平”。围绕研究主题，笔者在上海市宝山区农保中心实习了半年，并对宝山区新农保实施情况进行了充分的调研，其中围绕选取的六个乡镇，对“无账户、停止缴费、正常缴费”人群做了详尽的访问，收获得了大量的第一手资料，为此次的研究奠定了非常关键的作用。本文共分七章，各章的主要内容和重要观点分述如下：第一章绪论。阐述研究本文的背景和本文的意义，并结合中外相关研究文献进行综述，指出研究中的不足；在展开本文研究内容的基础上，提出论文的研究方法和创新点。第二章我国新农保制度基础理论引述与相关政策实施评价。将新农保、形式普惠、实质公平的概念做了相关界定；并给出文章精算部分的替代率与收入再分配理论的梳理。通过对农保政策的分析得到为新农保公平性问题找一个有效路径是极为重要的。第三章实现新农保“实质公平”的必要性分析。通过对公平概念的界定，衍生到新农保在新时期新目标下实现公平的价值、公平的执行、公平的保障的表现，为突出在农村人口老龄化严重的趋势与城乡不平衡发展差距下实现新农保实质公平的必要性。第四章新农保农村户籍人员参保调研与现状分析。通过对调研地区宝山区六个乡镇农村户籍人员的问卷、现场访谈等方式了解农民参保情况和新农保现状，发放了共900份问卷，回收了884份有效问卷，并结合宝山区农保中心工作中的第一手资料，对被访者基本情况的描述，，发现城乡公平存在差距、制度设计没有完全符合农民自身情况，并从政府和参保者角度提出推行公平的理念。第五章实现新农保实质公平的模型演算与路径思考。分别建立了替代率和收入再分配精算模型，对个人缴费率、个人收益率、缴费年限缴费档次与个人、政府的净转入额进行了演算，得到现有个人替代率不高、养老金增长与经济增长不同步、政府补贴不足的问题，并从制度设计层面思考实现公平的路径。第六章新农保路径选择的对策建议。根据前文的问卷调研与精算结果分析对如何实现新农保“实质公平”的建议，指出要政府建立补贴与物价指数联动的机制；个人缴费的持续增长和激励机制、减轻基层财政负担等，真正在未来实现公平的期望。第七章总结与展望。对本文的研究成果进行总结，对不足之处提出指正。
[Abstract]:China is a rapid economic development of the agricultural country, is also a serious aging population, the rise of the country and the people's happiness as the country cannot do without the economic progress, people cannot do without guarantee progress. So the problem of the elderly has become a hot social concern, especially Chinese as a traditional agricultural country, farmers' livelihood, pension issues related to the cause of social security. The pace of the introduction of the new agricultural insurance is an important country in order to gradually solve the problem of the reform of rural residents a sense of the social pension insurance is an important part of the new agricultural insurance. The basic principle is the basic security, full coverage, a flexible, sustainable, on the one hand, reflects the inclusive features, but can reduce the gap between hard to benefit allocation conclusion, because only fair Huimin system in order to get support, in order to have identity. To effectively protect farmers' pension rights. At present, although there are a large number of experts and scholars have studied the new agricultural insurance, but on how to realize the fairness of each are not identical, and choose from the new agricultural insurance substitution rate in the study path, the redistribution of income of the little people involved. This article aims to realize the new agricultural insurance the essence of justice as the starting point, through the questionnaire survey, the actuarial methods to analysis security status of farmers, from personal income rate, contribution rate and government subsidies and the level of economic growth, fair countermeasures and suggestions are given, in order to achieve the basic form of "inclusive" conditions as soon as possible to achieve substantial fairness.
According to the research topic, the author in Shanghai city of Baoshan District Agricultural Insurance Center internship for half a year, and the Baoshan District new agricultural insurance to conduct a full investigation, six of them around the selected Township, on no account, stop payment, the normal payment crowd to do a detailed access, received a large number of first-hand information and lay a key role for the research.
This article is divided into seven chapters. The main contents and important points of each chapter are as follows:
The first chapter is the introduction. It expounds the background and significance of this paper, and summarizes the deficiencies in the research combined with the related research literature at home and abroad. Based on the content of this research, it puts forward the research methods and innovations of the paper.
The second chapter of China's new agricultural insurance system basic theory and related policy implementation evaluation. As the new agricultural insurance, form the concept of equitable inclusive, defines the rate of substitution and income redistribution; and the theory of this paper part of the actuarial comb. Based on agricultural insurance policy analysis to the new agricultural insurance fairness a problem to find a valid path is extremely important.
The third chapter analysis the necessity of implementation of the new agricultural insurance "substantial justice". By defining the concept of fairness, derived from the new agricultural insurance to achieve fair value in the new period of the new objective, fair execution, guarantee of the justice of performance, to highlight the necessity in the rural population aging trend in urban and rural areas and serious imbalance the gap of development under the new agricultural insurance fairness.
The fourth chapter analyzes the new agricultural insurance of rural household staff. Based on the research and the status quo of the insured rural household staff survey of six towns of the Baoshan District questionnaire, interviews and other ways to understand the farmers' insurance and new agricultural insurance status, issued a total of 900 questionnaires, 884 valid questionnaires recovered, and combined with the Baoshan District agricultural insurance center the first hand information, the basic situation of respondents described that there is a gap between the urban and rural fair, the system design does not fully meet the farmers' own situation, and put forward the concept of equity from the government and insurance perspective.
The fifth chapter of new agricultural insurance on the models and path of substantive fairness and justice. The rate of substitution and income redistribution actuarial models are established, the individual contribution rate, personal income rate, payment period and individual pay grade, the net amount of the government to get a replacement for the existing calculation, the rate is not high, and the economic growth of pension growth is not synchronized, the shortage of government subsidies, and the way to realize fairness from the system design level of thinking.
The sixth chapter countermeasures nrspi path selection. Based on how to realize the new agricultural insurance "substantial justice" questionnaire survey and actuarial analysis above results, pointed out the need to establish the mechanism of government subsidies and price index linkage; sustained growth of individual payment and incentive mechanism, reduce the grassroots financial burden, truly achieved in the future. Fair expectation.
The seventh chapter is a summary and prospect. The research results of this paper are summarized and the shortcomings are pointed out.

【学位授予单位】：上海工程技术大学
【学位级别】：硕士
【学位授予年份】：2014
【分类号】：F323.89;F842.67

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